Economics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial matters - Assignment Example The two oligopolies and restraining infrastructures are influenced by the expanded creation as in higher creation diminishes the costs of items and administrations. The two market structures, not at all like other market structures, can accomplish a restraining infrastructure on creation in the particular merchandise or administrations under their copyright (Albano and Lizzeri 1997). Monopolistic markets are exclusively constrained by a solitary dealer as it were. The dealer has supreme capacity to impact showcase choices and costs. Buyers accomplish constrained decisions, and they need to settle on a decision based on what is being provided at the market. On the other hand, oligopoly is portrayed by not many dealers in the market. The market circumstance is cordial to shoppers since it energizes rivalry among the venders (Spanjers 1994). A monopolistic market gets its capacity from three sources: these incorporate, lawful, financial and purposeful. A monopolistic market will make into utilization the position it has for its potential benefit and totally drive out contenders. It can accomplish this either through diminishing costs to such levels that presence for another firm may turn out to be about unimaginable or through ideals of monetary circumstances like enormous capital necessities when beginning organizations. In spite of the fact that an oligopolistic advertise circumstance doesn't have wellsprings of intensity, it, anyway appears only because of the obliging character of different dealers as of now in the market (Spanjers 1994). A monopolistic market may provide exceptionally significant expense estimates due to nonexistence of different contenders. The monopolistic merchants will utilize their status of strength in the market and boost their benefits. Oligopolistic markets, then again, guarantee rivalry in the market subsequently more pleasant costs for the customers (Spanjers 1994). These are guidelines that are established to forestall passage of firms into the market. Obstructions to passage into

William O'Douglas' (The Black Silence of Fear), Essay

William O'Douglas' (The Black Silence of Fear), - Essay Example In this edifying record, he brings up how prejudice and presumption assume significant jobs where the minorities are concerned, smothering them despite everything further into an edge of blankness. In any case, O’Douglas accepts that if an individual needs to completely comprehend and catch its importance, he needs to leave his own nation and lose himself out of the loop districts, and retain himself in the hardships of different human advancements. He feels that after this is done and when the individual returns to his own nation, he would be stunned at the bigotry and haughtiness showed by the pioneers who hold open office, the press and the general mentality of the Americans towards their Asian partners. He would likewise comprehend that musings were getting normalized, thoughts constrained, conversations limited since minds have gotten shut. As per O’Douglas, its very idea, is fairly upsetting particularly when one loves his nation. He accepts that the way of thinki ng of solidarity achieved through free discourse, is being supplanted with the way of thinking of dread because of restraint. The creator takes the case of the Soviet society when Russia was managed by Lenin. During that time clergymen and authorities were permitted to discussion and come out with new thoughts or analysis, yet once an official choice was taken, there was no doubt at all, of either contradiction or discord. In any case, on account of Stalin’s rule, the arrangement of control remained absolutely under his authority and there was definitely no inquiry of free discourse nor activity. O’Douglas accepts that America also is moving a similar way and intently looks like the Soviet society as a result of the bigotry and presumption it shows towards the creating and immature nations like Asia. He effectively expresses this idea when he says that the Asians distinguish the Americans not by opportunity however by weapons. Subsequently, the dread mounts as the Sovi et government grows and keeping in mind that the let loose world agreements without putting a battle. Socialism inside the nation is another sign of intrinsic dread among the individuals, as its wonders are being amplified and lifted up past all reality. Fanning the flares of dread are some flippant individuals, particularly those in charge of undertakings. Doubt has been fill in for the altruism of individuals, while character death has become the standard of the day. Blameless acts currently bear the stamp of unfaithfulness. In O’Douglas’ sentiment, the days when we could boldly discuss, challenge, question or present our contemplations, thoughts or even answers for issues are gone in light of the fact that nobody is allowed to appreciate such opportunity. The creator indeed focuses to Soviet Russia’s strategy and emphatically feels that America is intently emulating its example and in this manner the likeness among America and Russia turns into even more obvi ous. As indicated by O’Douglas, conventionality has picked up prevalence because of the rising development of doubt, since universality is by all accounts the most secure wager that underpins Communism. At the point when doubt mounts, there is no doubt of trust. This is the motivation behind why there is rivalry for grasping universality on the grounds that the individuals who follow the way of strangeness would consistently stay suspect. Individuals who don't hold fast to the military arrangement producers become suspect. Each one of the individuals who stand up and contradict are called ‘subversive’. Individuals who are straightforward and honest are smothered and pushed aside. Every one of these powers fan fear and urge it to spin out of control. Revealing insight into our current perspective and responding, O’

Blog Archive Admissions Myths Destroyed My Weakness Is that I Am Awesome!

Blog Archive Admissions Myths Destroyed My Weakness Is that I Am Awesome! Most business schools will ask your recommenders to describe a weakness of yours, or a time when they offered you constructive feedback. You may face great temptation to ask your recommenders to avoid writing anything critical or to present a “disguised strength” as a weakness. So your recommender might write something like one of the following entirely disingenuous statements, believing that he/she is helping you, when in fact he/she is not: “John needs to learn to balance his work and home life betterhe is always at work, making sure that he stays on top of every detail.” “Mary is a perfectionist and holds others, who just may not be capable, to the same high standard that she holds herself.” Alternatively, a recommender who is afraid of hurting your candidacy may write about a “professional development” weakness, focusing on a business skill that you have not yet had the opportunity to learn or develop, rather than describing an area in which you need to improve: “Rodney is an excellent communicator in small group settings; he has not, however, had the opportunity yet to give presentations to large groups, and I think doing so is the next important step in his career path.” “To move to the next level, David needs to start sourcing his own deals, rather than just working on deals that others have found.” This may be shocking, but admissions officers understand that there is no such thing as a perfect employee/MBA candidate and are skeptical of the sincerity of any recommender that presents you as such. Such falsely positive comments do nothing to help the admissions committee get to know you better and instead undermine the integrity of your recommenders letter. Although you do not want your recommenders to present unprofessional traits (e.g. “Denise is lazy”), recommendation letters should involve honest, detailed reflection using a critical (not negative) eye. Remember, when it comes to recommendations, too much of a good thing can actually be a bad thing. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed

The Epic War By Homer - 915 Words

The Iliad may be seen as an account of circumstances that really change the life of one man, Achilles, one of the greatest Achaeans warriors. The loyal war hero is the main character in the Iliad. It is his storyline that creates the essence of the epic war written by Homer. When the poem is first read it seems as though the main theme is about the dominance, gruesomeness, horror, and plain destruction of Troy, however this is not the main focus. We see Achilles transform from youth to adulthood and go through fundamental personality and character changes from a ferocious warrior in the beginning to a more reserved and hospitable man by the end of the poem. Nine years after the start of the Trojan War, the Achaeans attack Chryse, a small town allied with Troy. During the battle, the Achaeans capture two beautiful maidens, Chryseis and Briseis. Agamemnon, the forces leader, takes Chryseis as his prize, and Achilles claims Briseis. For their selfishness Apollo sends a plague on the Achaeans’ camp. Many die from the plague, so Agamemnon turns to the prophet Calchas to determine the cause of the plague and learns that Chryseis is the cause, so he gives her up and demands Achilles’ war prize, Briseis. Furious Achilles returns to his tent and refuses to fight the war and instead wants to take revenge against Agamemnon. Agamemnon, who is pleased to have the prize says to Achilles â€Å"But here is a threat: in the same way as Phoesbus Apollo is robbing me of Chryseis, whom I proposeShow MoreRelatedHomer: The Most Famous Greek Poet751 Words   |  4 Pages Whether Homer was real or not, a group of people, a boy or a girl; one thing we are sure of is that â€Å"Homer† wrote two of the best epic poems. The Iliad, which was based on the tenth year of the Trojan War and the Odyssey, which was about a guy named Odysseus who goes on many adventures as he tried to get home to his son and his wife. From what we know Homer was the most famous of all Greek poets because of his written works, his legendary history, and his influential work. â€Å"Hateful toRead MoreThe Era Of Homer By Homer911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Era of Homer Although we cannot be sure of when Homer lived, we know he played a significant role in the formation of the literature of ancient Greece. Researchers believe that he probably lived somewhere around 8th century BC and was possibly one of the first literate authors. Other theories suggest that he only spoke his epics and they were put into writing by others. Homer’s stories show us the first glimpse of documented information of Greek myth and religion. Most important was theRead MoreEpic Heroism And Values Of The Iliad1030 Words   |  5 Pages DWC 101: Paper 1 November 1, 2017 Epic Heroism and Values of the Greek and Roman Culture The image of Achilles killing Hector and the image of Aeneas killing Turnus classify them as epic heroes. In the Greek epic poem the Iliad, Homer portrays Achilles as an enraged warrior fighting for revenge for a woman he loved. In the Roman epic poem the Aeneid, Virgil portrays Aeneas as fleeing the city of Troy to establish a new city. Achilles and Aeneas are epic heroes because they both show courageRead MoreThe Horrors of War Exposed in Homers Iliad1379 Words   |  6 Pages The Horrors of War Exposed in Homer’s Iliad nbsp; There- Harpalion charged Menelaus - King Pylaemenes son Whod followed his father into war at Troy But he never reached his fatherland again. He closed on Atrides, spear stabbing his shield Right on the boss but the bronze could not drive through, So back he drew to his ranks, dodging death, glancing Left and right, fearing a lance would graze his flesh. But Meriones caught him in full retreat, he let fly With a bronze-tippedRead MoreOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead MoreA Comparison of Helen in the Iliad and the Odyssey809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Iliad and The Odyssey are tales written by Homer centered on the drama of the Trojan War. First poem deals with the time during the end of the war, while the latter, which occurs roughly ten years later, explains the disastrous journey of Odysseus fighting his way back home. The character of women in the Odyssey is to exhibit the many and diverse roles that women play in the lives of men. These functions vary from characters such as the goddess that help them to the nymphs who trick themRead MoreHomer’S Two Tales, The Iliad And The Odyssey, Are Both1749 Words   |  7 Pageseducation. Some call Homer the â€Å"greatest poet to ever live† and although this can be disputed his works truly speak for themselves and have braved the test of time quite well. This paper will cover who/whom Homer is as a person, or persons, and the time period of his writings, the truths versus the dramatizations of the Iliad and Odyssey, how the author’s perspective and writings portray ancient Greek culture, along with how the two of them interact with our culture today. Homer is a name that needsRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad 1382 Words   |  6 PagesRyan Doerhoff History of Greece Dr. Kirkland September 5, 2014 Document Analysis The primary documents that will be focused on in this analysis come from Homer’s Iliad. Homer is venerated today as the greatest of Greek epic poets, as his works had a colossal impact on the history of literature. Through his epics, Homer brings us first hand into the culture of the Greek world in the eighth century B.C. It is important to note that at this time very few had the privilege of an education, and lackedRead MoreIliad Overview 1298 Words   |  6 PagesAn epic poem outlined by the Oxford English Dictionary says that its a â€Å"lengthy poem, usually one derived from ancient oral custom, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the historic previous of a rustic† The aim of the poems is to know the time of antiquity during which an epic poem depicts many things and readers can derive many causes from the poems. The Iliad of Homer, throughout which several things are, derived from the compilation of twenty-4 books, models theRe ad MoreAnalysis Of The Iliad And The Odyssey785 Words   |  4 PagesThe epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer have been thought of as works of fiction, but there has been data proving otherwise. What if these epics could be scientifically proven to have actually happened? The epics take place near Greece during 12th century BC, following the hero named Odysseus as he fights in the Trojan War, and journeys home. Although the piece of literature features mythical creatures, magic, and unrealistic circumstances, we shouldn’t immediately disregard the idea of

Alternative Medicines For Complementary And Integrative...

In the United States alone, the Nation Alliance on Mental Illness stated that 16 million adults deal with depression each year (â€Å"Mental†). Depression is a common mental health disorder that people can acquire in today’s society. There are many forms of depression that exist ranging from mild to very severe. Some of those forms include major depression, seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, psychotic depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Many individuals with depression try to treat their illness by relying on antidepressants. Antidepressants are a popular form of treatment of depression because they can be easily obtained and require little effort from the person using them. However, there are many other natural,†¦show more content†¦However, complementary medicines may work alongside traditional medications. Some examples of CAM are acupuncture, diet, yoga, meditation, and physical activities such as sports, hiking, and running. Comp lementary and alternative medicine is increasing in popularity because it can be more beneficial for the patient and their health. Also, using CAM as a way to treat certain illnesses can be much less expensive than investing in antidepressants or other forms of medication. Overall, CAM is a healthy and beneficial method to help alleviate depression and other similar health conditions. Physical activities such as yoga, exercise, sports, and nature and outdoors activities affect victims of depression in a positive way and can improve their mental health. To begin, yoga is a highly recommended activity to help reduce depression. Yoga is a mixture of meditation, stretching, and breathing techniques that helps to clear the mind and focuses on positive energy within an individual. In the journal, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Lila Louie, a nurse from the University of California, stated, â€Å"In recent years, increasing numbers of people are turning to complementary and alternative medicine for relief from depression and other mental health problems. One form of CAM is yoga†(Louie). This is because antidepressants and doctor prescribed medicines can become expensive over time. Yoga has become

The Civil Rights Movement Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

The 1960s were unmistakably some of the tensest times for race relations in American history. During these times, the Civil Rights movement was at its peak. This was an era that saw Blacks in America truly begin to demand equal rights, doing so by organizing across the country in efforts to pressure government officials to implement progressive legislation. Through a collaborative effort with Dr. Martin Luther King, President Kennedy crafted his 1961 Executive Order 10925—Establishing The President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity—which first coined the term â€Å"affirmative action† with regards to discrimination. The order focused on eradicating discrimination within government employment by creating the President’s Committee on†¦show more content†¦Throughout this paper, it will be demonstrated that the cause of affirmative action and the legal journey that it has taken throughout the course of history in the United States is an example which illustrates cause lawyering, particularly exemplifying the framework of such as laid down by Austin Sarat and Stuart Scheingold. Cause lawyering, according to Sarat and Scheingold, â€Å"is frequently directed at altering some aspect of the social, economic, and political status quo.† Here, the status quo in the case of affirmative action might be considered the common interpretation of the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. One cannot effectively contextualize affirmative action without addressing the role that the fourteenth amendment has come to play. This famous Reconstruction amendment is a direct result of the American Civil War. Congress officially passed the amendment in 1868 in order to guarantee and protect the newly recognized civil rights and liberties of Blacks. The amendment granted citizenship to former slaves, while also declaring â€Å"nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or protection, without due process of the law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†. The Equal Protection Clause guarantees that the laws set forth in the constitution will apply to all citizens of the United States regardless of their race or ethnicity. In essence, the fourteenth amendment is thought to set the legalShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 Pages(Keith Lundberg 36). In a London speech that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered to the Christian Action Group on December 7, 1964, he discusses the positive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that theyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1050 Words   |  5 PagesPerseverance The Civil Rights Movement was a critical time in the history of the United States of America. In this time of fighting, brutality, and injustice, leaders arose to fight for equality for all, one, in particular, was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King is well-renowned for believing in something and standing up for it, even though the repercussion of his actions resulted in serving time in jail. While he served his time in Birmingham, he wrote a lengthy letter to inspire and admonishRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy.† (Famous civil-rights†¦) As Martin Luther King, Jr. said, the â€Å"measure† of a man comes not when things are going well, but when things are times are challenging. In the time of the Civil Rights movement, lots of African American people were measured by how they managed difficult situations. The Civil rights movement had many influential leaders and events. The overall i mportance of the movement was the profound impact it had on American life. The Civil Rights Movement had many importantRead MoreEssay on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement2125 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King jr. was one of the most influential persons of the 20th Century. He is the father of the modern civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom as well as peace. King practiced everything that he preached, he did not preach or speak values that he himself did not follow. He established himself as a pastor that was not afraid of hard work, guiding the middle-class congregation to public service. For example, Peake, ThomasRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr s The Civil Rights Movement Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs Dr. Martin Luther King Jr sit in a jail cell writing a letter to clergymen, there is civil unrest in the nation. In 1963, the Civil Rights Movement is well underway. Alabama is one of the most segregated states in the union and being in the Deep South , is prone to more racial injustices than others. Dr. King points out his feelings of telling his daughter she can’t go to a new place as it is whites only, the pain of his children and their unconscious feelings of being inferior while not understandingRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. And His Influence On The American Civil Rights Movement765 Words   |  4 PagesWhen talking about leadership, I would think of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his influences on the American civil rights movement. His famous speech – â€Å"I have a dream† is one of the most compelling in all times. The speech was powerful because it was simple and brought out a clear and focused theme. The audiences’ emotion was agitated instantly by his speech. And the reaction and impact were enormous. Of course, leadership is not only about powerful speeches, but involves the leaders’ characteristicsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And Governor Ge orge C. Wallace1050 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck wins a noble peace prize, Nixon and Kennedy have the first televised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement is at the precipice in America. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Governor George C. Wallace are two prominent figures throughout the Civil Rights Movement. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however the dialogue encompasses completely different messages. Comparatively, the two speeches will be presented side by sideRead MoreMartin Luther King Pathos and Ethos of Speech895 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Juniors use of Ethos Pathos in his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. On August 28, 1963, people around the nation tuned into hear several civil rights speeches going on in Washington. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of those civil rights speakers, and that day he gave his famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. In Dr. Martin Luther King Juniors speech, he spoke about unifying the nation, to create a place where Americans â€Å"will not be judged by the color of your skin but by the contentRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesWhy was Martin Luther King Jr. such an inspiration to African Americans in America? Martin Luther King Jr. was an American minister, Civil Rights leader, and activist who had a strong belief in nonviolent protests (history.com; Martin Luther King Jr.). He was the leader behind the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington which were eventually effective and a law was passed to end racial discrimination (history.com; Martin Luther King Jr.). On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested f orRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is unarguably the most famous civil rights900 Words   |  4 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is unarguably the most famous civil rights activist in American history. His story and legacy is taught in classrooms across the country. From birth to death, Dr. King impacted the lives of many people and changed the roles of society forever. Dr. King had one big dream and what shaped his dream begins in Atlanta,, Georgia, and ends in Memphis, Tennessee. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born into a loving and caring family on January 15, 1929 in

Harnessing Demographic Differences In Organizations †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Harnessing Demographic Differences In Organizations. Answer: Introduction The following is the discussion of the article namely Harnessing demographic differences in Organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity? The focus of this article is to analyze the given article and compare the inner differences of the managing the diversity. The growth of the people in an organization is dependent upon the diversity factor.. The other two of the selected article is in the same context (Martn-Alczar et al. 2012). The other article namely Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges is also an article talking about the barriers and challenges in the expectations of employees about the diversity in workforce and how does it affects the human resource practices and financial performance (Onsongo and Maina, 2013). This also emphasizes on the study of diversity results in IT employees of any organization and the performance of the organization. The third article, which I have analyzed for the assignment is based on the managing tactics on diver sity in a workplace, where equality is an issue that can influences the performance appraisals and socio-cultural issues (Rivas 2012). The assignment framework is divided in the three points that are brief summary, analysis and comparison among the article. The discussion about my understanding about the organizational behavior is also summarized at the end of the text. Articles summary Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior This article hovers over many strategic and operational aspects of organisations. The first and the foremost variable that influences the organisational diversity is the strategically clarify the relation between the diversity and demography . Then the unit design that moderate the work force diversity affects. Then the inter-departmental function like human resource and how it contributes to the social integration of people in the organisation and its connection to diversity related demography (Guillaume 2017). The major variable that affects the diversity are the leadership and relation to demography of the group diversity. The culture and individual differences of the diversity is also discussed in the article. The discussion and scope of future research in the diversity is also given of the article (Patrick and Kumar, 2012). The article also shows the path of future research in this field of analysing the relation between demographical variables and organisational diversity. The significance of this research is about the corrective practises that need to be taken in the administration for further development in multiplicity (Martn-Alczar 2012). We found that people who are demographically dissimilar experience greater uncertainty about how to interact with dissimilar. The article takes the above-mentioned variable and them analyses their affect in diversity and relational to the demography. According to the findings of the moderators, diversity affects the social integration performance and the well-being of the identified variables (Madera 2013). They are in the range of positivity to negativity regarding the organisations effectively. Further, the article also focuses on the categorisation elaboration model, which clearly depicts the diversity convergence in social integration in the organisation. Work group diversity and organisational diversity is correlated and affects the interrelation (Chattopadhyay, George and Ng 2016). A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management According to another identified article, the approach to diversity is dependent upon three factor performance appraisals, socio-cultural and affirmative action. The performance appraisals is also consist of three factors multiple criteria, raters and review, whereas the religion, societal attitudes paternalistic leadership are the contributing factors to this approach (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson 2016). Affirmative action is a variable that gets affected by managers attitude and decentralised units and goals of the particular organisation. Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential.Journal of Applied Psychology Another related article is discussing about the demographic profile of the 300 employees work diversity intensity, which addresses the performance of the employees. The better financial performance of the industry depends upon the inclusivity and workplace discrimination level. It also takes into account the awareness level of the employees. They have also considered the strategies to adopt workplace diversity in an organisation. The variables that consist of the employees profile are that affects the diversity are gender, age, educational qualification, type of company, employee strength and their approach and attitude towards diversity. The strategies to increase the inclusiveness of the diversity are learning and accepting overseas assignments (Madera 2013). Offering language trainings and making them understand the benefits of the diversity inclusiveness also comes under in the path to making strategical difference in workplace culture. Article analysis The article is full of bibliographic citations and reviews from previous studies done on the topic. The citations and references are from a verified source, therefore, the information are evidence that can be used for future use (Guillaume et al. 2017). In addition it can be built as a foundation for future study as the article also clarifies and directs the variables to use as data for the foundation of further study in the field. The clear and good reviews given in the article are proof of good base of work too. The author of this article. The balanced analysis and the range positivity and negativity given about the different observation of six variables (strategy, unit design, human resource practises, leadership, climate and culture and individual differences (Guillaume et al. 2017) gives a clear understanding of the main focus of the research. The article mainly focuses on the diversity culture of any organisation (Mills 2012). The article is extensively based on the research of the moderating effect of growth-ridden variables of different constraints in diversity. The managerial implications of the study are helpful in building strategy for internal organisation diversity rules. This will be helpful for the managers to create the standard procedures to improve the work culture in their organisations. Though there are some holes as the interpretation of the analysis is more qualitative rather than giving the quantitative data about the research. Though the research shows the clear scope for future research, one main area that has been missed was in the area of defining the audience or whom it will be useful to (Sciascia et al. 2013). The article, which talks about the challenges and issues of managing workplace diversity, is also a verified article and cited by many scholars in the field. The article also explores on the diversity of the workplace culture and explores on the variables that consist of real factors under diversity like the gender, race, age, employee strength, attitude towards diversity and educational qualification of the employees that affects the diversity (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson 2016). The article also gives the rationale to the study that has been done on the demography of the 300 IT employees and is successful in defining the audience of the article and who it may be useful too. Another article is a literature review of studies done previously in the field. This certainly have some gaps in the method of structuring the article. There are less verified citations about the article and less discussion about the core topic given in the heading. The article only identifies the variables but does not give any clue of research done on that variable. Lesser quantitative data gathered on the three main and subordinate variables clarified after them (Hoever et al. 2012). The objective of this article was to analyse the three factors(affirmative action taken by management towards diversity, cultural issues related to the core point, performance appraisals and organisational capabilities of managing equality) of managing diversity in workplace (Hoever et al. 2012)).The article is all too generally discussed about the issues. However, the credential s of the articles author is viable and the authors public interest statement is also included in the article, which is of c ourse an evidence in the subject matter (Sharma 2016). Article comparison Similarities The CEM model is a comprehensive framework of factors that uses the workplace diversity to frame the contingency in work. Throughout the article there are some similarities in approach in explaining the variables with respect to the identified key variables that affects and moderates the approach to diversity (Varaprabhakar and Ramana 2013). Another article about the managing outcomes diversity issues and challenges and the third one is similar in defining the two factors of diversity, which are socio cultural background, and affirmative action of employees. The three of the articles focus is to analyse the corporate culture to increase diversity. Another part is to suggest the pattern of managing the diversity that can be beneficial in strategically leads to growth. Differences The key difference among the article is in the approach. In addition to the structural difference, the approach to study the variable is different. The main article is about what are the factors that reduce the overall organisational growth (Mills 2012). The strategy, individual difference, leaders and other factors that affects the workplace diversity, whereas the other two articles enhances the study of background variables like gender, race, socio-cultural background attitude towards diversity and other effects (Sciascia et al. 2013). Discussion and recommendation With respect to personality traits, the nature of diversity changes which comes under the individual differences. The corporate culture is certainly affects the diversity culture. Organisational diversity can lead to strategical growth of the organisation, based on the human resource practises they go through and the managerial competence (Lauring and Selmer 2012). The factors that come under diversity affect the standard procedures and practises. The human resource management is quit responsible for this kind of challenges and issues (Varaprabhakar and Ramana 2013). The creativity culture, which leads to innovation are also, stimulates the diversity. Therefore, relational demography barriers hamper the intergroup activities and hence the performance of the teams. In a workplace the place that gets affected by the diversity culture are cooperation among the work, judging the effectiveness of communication in the interdepartmental activities, showing kindness and respect in matter of interaction, decision making purpose and managing teams (Lauring and Selmer 2012). The crucial part of the cultural diversity and recognition of values of each other (Raphan and Friedman 2014). This can be done in incorporating the diversity related workforce culture in restructuring standard procedures and practises. Diversity and inclusion must be a priority for a company to lessen its market risks in this volatile competitive industry (Madera 2013). The internal potential can be harnessed by the undifferentiated complexity of the environment. The internal culture at least is in the hands of HR managers that can rectify the standard structural policies. This can be also done by the restructurising the culture by inclusion of different non-biased policies. To facilitate the diversity and inclusion disposal of diverse skill sets can develop the skill force, which can lead to organisational development (Onsongo and Maina, 2013). The difference personality is a result of diversity its elf. Therefore, learning and gauging the different personality and sponsoring global inclusive and progressive environment are essential for a company to grow in this competitive environment. A better leadership can manage to do that. Diversity is also a key in perspective taking, which is helpful in drawing conclusion of the workforce culture in the organisation (Raphan and Friedman 2014). References Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A., 2017. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Hoever, I.J., Van Knippenberg, D., Van Ginkel, W.P. and Barkema, H.G., 2012. Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(5), p.982. Schnackenberg, A.K. and Tomlinson, E.C., 2016. Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), pp.1784-1810. Other citations Chattopadhyay, P., George, E. and Ng, C.K., 2016. Hearts and minds: Integrating regulatory focus and relational demography to explain responses to dissimilarity.Organizational Psychology Review,6(2), pp.119-144. Lauring, J. and Selmer, J., 2012. International language management and diversity climate in multicultural organizations.International Business Review,21(2), pp.156-166. Madera, J.M., 2013. Best practices in diversity management in customer service organizations: an investigation of top companies cited by Diversity Inc.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), pp.124-135. Martn-Alczar, F., Romero-Fernndez, P.M. and Snchez-Gardey, G., 2012. Transforming human resource management systems to cope with diversity.Journal of Business Ethics,107(4), pp.511-531. Mills, L.S., 2012.Conservation of wildlife populations: demography, genetics, and management. John Wiley Sons. Onsongo, E.N. and Maina, Z.R., 2013. Employee Attitudes towards Organizational Diversity on Business Performance; Perspectives from the Small and Medium Enterprises Employees in Kisii Town.Review of Contemporary Business Research,2(1), pp.30-40. Patrick, H.A. and Kumar, V.R., 2012. Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges.Sage Open,2(2), p.2158244012444615. Raphan, M. and Friedman, H.H., 2014. Tools for organizational survival in the Internet age: Adaptivity, creativity, and diversification. Rivas, J.L., 2012. Diversity internationalization: The case of boards and TMT's.International Business Review,21(1), pp.1-12. Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P. and Chirico, F., 2013. Generational involvement in the top management team of family firms: Exploring nonlinear effects on entrepreneurial orientation.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(1), pp.69-85. Sharma, A., 2016. Managing diversity and equality in the workplace.Cogent Business Management,3(1), p.1212682. Varaprabhakar, P.V. and Ramana, M.T.V., 2013. Collision of Ethnicity on Trade and Industry Advance in India.Development,25, p.26th.

The Crucible Act 3 Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Act 3 Essay Arthur Miller manages to capture and hold the audience in the long scene using a variety of techniques which keep us at the edge of our seats waiting for the next burst of excitement or conflict in the trial. Some of these techniques include the noise in the courtroom, the order in which people speak, the tone of their voice and even silences in the scene. What is interesting in the scene is how some of the characters true personalities stand out and how some of the characters develop through the scene. Miller also manages to make us become attached to some characters because of the noble and good deeds they do while he also makes some characters seem less appealing because of the acts they do in the scene. From the beginning the judges are clearly a well educated and experienced bunch as they easily manage to turn around one of Martha Coreys statements against her. Martha Corey: I am innocent to a witch. I know not what a witch is. Judge Hawthorne: How do you know, then, that you are not a witch? We will write a custom essay on The Crucible Act 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Then in the middle of the hearing for Martha Corey, Giles Corey, her husband, comes storming in to the courtroom exclaiming that he has evidence for the court. This easily manages to capture our attention as Giles interrupts the ever so confident and powerful judges. When Giles calls out that everyone is hearing lies from the court, A roaring goes up from the people. The court audience react in a way that makes us believe that what Giles is doing is not exactly usual and is an extremely bold move as the court is a very powerful group of people who are control of everything at the moment. When Giles enters the courts and gets the judges attention, Paris tries to sway the way the judges think about Giles because he is not friends with him. When Danforth asks, Who is this man? Paris butts in rather quickly, Giles Corey, sir, and a more contentious- but then Giles interrupts the question to answer the question himself, I am asked the question, and I am old enough to answer it. My name is Corey, sir, Giles Corey. This set of interruptions clearly show the tension between Paris and Corey, but more so, shows how much Paris tries to sway the court with his own thoughts and opinions.

Nicholas I

Nicholas I has been portrayed, and perhaps rightfully so, as a strict and reactionary tsar. Indeed, his internal policies were often repressive he sought to nip any liberalism in the bud, often brutally. His approach to solving problems in the Empire and keeping control was to create the "Nicholas system", a bureaucratic system defined by and completely based on absolute monarchy. Nicholas revamped govermental structure by strengthening and centralizing bureaucratic structures to an unprecedented degree. He did this as an attempt to deal with all of Russia's problems himself. At most importantly the structure known as "His Majesty's own Chancery," which was the nerve-center of the empire's administrative mechanisms. With his new governmental structure, he hoped to create a machine that would, in theory, more quickly and efficiently carry out his will. The reality, however, was a little bit different than what he planned. However strict or repressive Nicholas may have been, his policies are somewhat understandble considering what domestic and foreign events marked his reign. His accession in 1825 was threatened by an uprising of a group of noblemen who came to be known as the Decembrists. He dealt with the uprising quickly and firmly. He and his administration sentenced the five most important rebel leaders to death by hanging and sentenced many others to hard labor in Siberia. Later in 1830 Europe went through some revolutionary crises. The youth of Poland had been restless since July 1830. The fever rose greatly when they heard that the Polish army was to march with the Russians to crush the revolution and prevent the Belgians from acquiring their independence. On the night of November 29, a conspiracy of young cadets seized the residence of the Grand Duke Konstantin, the brother of the Tsar. The rebels demanded a constitution and independence from Russia. There demands would have been politically disadvantageous to N...

COMPANY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

COMPANY LAW - Essay Example The deregulatory claims are premised on the view that inside information fosters market efficiency and that granting the property rights to security managers is an efficient compensation scheme. Prohibition of insider trading in European Union is justified on the basis of equity and fairness to all market participants. Generally, both firms, shareholders and the society benefit from the accurate pricing of the securities since it leads to efficient allocation of capital and decreases the volatility of the prices in the market thus attracting the risk-averse investors. The firm will also benefit from the accurate pricing through increase investor confidence in the security and reduction in monitoring costs. According to the proponents of deregulation, insider trading will benefit the society since it moves the price to a level which it would be if the inside information was available to the public. Henry Manne, asserts that insider trading leads to price accuracy thus it is an efficie nt mechanism for compensating the security managers for the release of stock information2. The aim of the new EU rules was address the divergence of the member states in their approach to market abuse3. Variations in the national laws have allowed many security managers to escape prosecution for insider dealing. Some countries even lack the sanction powers while other countries do not have sanctions for certain market manipulation offences. For instance, Bulgaria does not have any criminal laws to govern insider trading while other countries impose only up to five years maximum imprisonment for inside trading related offences. Another problem to the effectiveness of the sanctions is the Bank secrecy laws in some countries. For instance, French authorities have faced challenges in tracing the persons who executed order in Paris Stock Exchange via the Swiss banks. Some of the problematic effectiveness of sanctions includes the gaps in regulation of commodity derivatives, lack of legal certainty of the market abuse directive, the gaps in regulating new markets, platforms and over the counter instruments in the emerging markets. EU Directive 2003/6/EC24 adopted in 2003 updated the legal framework on insider dealing and market manipulation behavior. However, several market, technological and legislative changes have led to changes in the financial landscape thus creating loopholes for insider dealing. The Market Abuse Directive (MAD) faced numerous challenges in curbing insider trading. For instance, Section 3.1.1 of the MAD covered limited financial instruments

Underground mining, Coal Prep Plant, and Strip Mining Essay

Underground mining, Coal Prep Plant, and Strip Mining - Essay Example However, there are commons methods and techniques used to access underground. Accessing underground is done through declines, shafts, and adits (Hustrulid 318). Spiral tunnels that circle the deposit flanks or those that are sunk around the deposit being mines are referred to as the declines. These tunnels are sunk from the surface to allow access the underground. Declines can also be sunk where an open cut mine already exists, and the tunnels are made on the wall of the already open mine. Vertical excavations that are sunk close or adjacent to mineral deposits are referred to as the shafts. In most cases, they are sunk for both access to underground and shaft haulage purposes. On the other hand, adits refer to horizontal or near horizontal excavations made on hills or mountains (Hustrulid 403). Use of ramps is also common when it comes to accessing underground. Seams that are mined must be consistent with the set regulatory provisions enforced by mining regulating agencies. The mine r also assesses the mine and the deposit available for mining. The thickness of the seams must be significantly adequate to initiate the mining project. This means that the deposits being mined must be in a position to compensate all the mining costs and earn relevant profits for the mining firm. The properties of the deposits contained in the seams must at least meet the minimum requirement of the mining entity in terms of their composition and value. Different machines and equipment are used for underground mining. The equipment to be used is determined by the method of mining to be used and the form of underground access to be employed. Drills, excavators, and mining shovels are just but some of the equipment used for underground access. Trucks are also used for transport purposes whens soil dug from underground have to be moved. Cranes and lifts are used for different purposes, ranging from lifting machinery and mine workers during the mining process. Conveyor belts are also use d to move different materials to different locations, especially the mined minerals. Most importantly, tunnel boring machines are used for the purpose of sinking shafts or declines, and belt systems are fitted underground to facilitate different aspects of the mining process. Equipment used for underground mining can vary from one mine to another depending on the mineral being mined. Ventilating super sections requires an assessment of ground stability before the ventilation is undertaken. Hard and soft ground and underground surfaces are determined, and the right position of super section ventilation determined. Once this is complete, the plan is implemented bit by bit, while assessing the impact of the process on the mining site. This assessment relates to safety and position of the deposit to be mined. Machinery and equipment are then put in place and the ventilation is made, taking into account all risk factors in super section ventilation. Coal removed by miners is transported to the washing plant in various ways. This depends on whether the washing plant is installed on the surface or underground. Mined coal reaches the washing plant through conveyor belts or through track transportation. Deposits from continuous miners are collected and loaded on conveyor belts or on tracks that transport them to the washing plant. However, use of tracks is only employed under instances where the process is economical. Shaft haulage and belt systems are also used where the mined coal has to be taken from the mining point to a washing plant located on the surface (Hustrulid 551). The visit to the mine was informative and educative in terms of underground mining and preparation of plants to facilitate the process. The mining process encompasses

Con Man Essay Example for Free

Con Man Essay This is covered under clause 29, which covers the Revision of date of completion of the project. Under clause 29 the JBCC lists events where the contractor is entitled to a revision of date practical completion but is not due compensation and those that the contractor is due compensation, in the case of the JBCC, the value of the contract or project will not change as a result of the listed event. All though this is the case, some of the events listed under clause 29. 1 are covered in section 6, but have different consequences. One such issue is how the different contracts deal with adverse weather effects on works during construction period. While the NEC contract states the effects of weather on the works as a compensation event under clause 60. 1. 13, where a weather measurement is recorded during a calendar month, before the completion date for the whole of works and at the place stated in the contract data, the weather event must occur less frequently than once in ten years to be a compensation event. This could mean that should this occur the contractor is due compensation for any costs incurred and a revision of completion time. While the JBCC deals with weather in a different way. In clause 29. states the circumstances where the contractor is entitled to a revision of the completion date but where the principal agent shall not adjust the contract value, are the delays to practical completion caused by various events. One such event, stated in clause 29. 1. 1 is the adverse effects of weather conditions. This implies that the contractor can not claim for adjustment to contract value due to adverse weather condition s like in the NEC contract. This is one less compensation event that will need to be budgeted for under the JBCC agreement. Another difference in this is under clause 60. 9 of the NEC contract which covers events neither party could account for or prevent which stops the contractor continuing works and is not one of the stated compensation events. While this is covered in the JBCC under clause 29. 1. 4 as an event that neither party could prevent also, it only allows the contractor a revision of date of completion without a revaluation of the project. The JBCC recognizes some events as requiring compensation and others not, while the NEC all the events are seen as compensation events which will require the employer to pay the contractor more money. In regards to the communication of such events occurring the NEC gives the contractor considerably more time to notify the Project Manager of the possibility of the compensation event occurring. This is stated under clause 61. 3 which gives the contractor a maximum of eight weeks to notify the Project Manager of the event, failing to do so will mean that the contractor will not be entitled to change prices or the completion date. This is only if the Project Manager failed to notify the contractor of the event, if it was the responsibility of the Project Manager to do so. While in the JBCC also allows for a time period, which gives the contractor more time to claim compensation if any of the events occur that are listed in clause 29. 1 to 29. 3. Under clause 29. 4. 1-3, the contract states that the contractor must notify the principal agent within 20 days of becoming aware of the event and must take all steps to try and avoid it. There is also a 40 day period after which the event has occurred, within which the contractor must alert the principal agent of it occurring or lose out on being able to claim for compensation. This is stated under clause 29. 5 of the contract. In both contracts these claims are submitted to the project manager, in the NEC and to the principal agent in the JBCC. These claims are investigated by the employer’s agents, clause 61. 4 in the NEC, states that the project manager must decide whether the event occurred as a result of actions taken by the contractor, or has not happened or is not expected to happen, has no effect upon the defined cost or completion date and is not one of the listed compensation events, the project manager may decide that the contractor has no grounds for his claim and deny the contractor compensation. If the project manger does decide that there are grounds for the claim he notifies the contractor to submit a quotations for the claim. Should the project manager fail to reply the contractor within a week or a longer time period that is agreed upon by both parties, then the claim is viewed to have been accepted by the project manager. The contractor is the free to submit quotations for the claim. While in the JBCC the process is similar, and is covered under clause 29. which gives the principal agent 15 working days of receiving the claim to grant or refuse the working days claimed or revaluation of contract value depending on the basis of the claim. During which time the principal agent shall determine the revised date of practical completion and identify each circumstance and relevant sub-clause and for each event grant or deny the contractors claim. The principal agent must also supply reasons for the decisions he or she has made. But while in the NEC no response by the project m anager, the claim is deemed to have been accepted, in the JBCC it is assumed that the claim has been rejected. This is sated under clause 29. 8, which provides certain cover for the employer should there be a mishap and the principal agent is unable to reply the contractor, unlike in the NEC. In essence the JBCC contract is the better contract on managing the cost of the project along with time constraints. The contract clearly states the events which if they do occur, will require revision of the date of practical completion and also which events will require both a revision of the date and revaluation of the project. While under the NEC contract the events listed are events that can all be claimed for money by the contractor, which may lead to the employer having to set aside a greater budget for contingencies because of the number of items listed that can be claimed as a compensation event. The better contract that would ease the client’s worries about budget and time constraints is the JBCC principal agreement. References 1. JBCC Series 2000 Principal Building Agreement Edition 5. 0 2. NEC Engineering and Construction Contract

Love Poems Essay -- Poems Poetry Love Emotions Essays

Love Poems Have the love poems, you have read given you a better insight into the emotion of love? The subject of ‘Love Poetry’ has given rise to some of the most beautiful and fascinating poetry. The poets illustrate their feelings, or the feelings of the people concerned with them through the use of figurative language. A love poem is not necessarily a poem about romantic love, about romance, marriage and commitment; it could be something else entirely. It seems to be Universal. Timeless. Yet, it's also very individual, filtered by our own lives and expectations. Love can be a different thing for each one of us. Not all love poems deal with happy positive sides of love but there is also the negative sides such as pain, sadness and loss. Through these poems ‘When We Two Parted’, ‘Remember’, ‘First Love’, ‘How Do I Love Thee?’, ‘A Woman To Her Lover’, and ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ we become familiar with the different emotions associated with love. Christina Rossetti’s ‘Remember’ is a poignant poem written in the 19th century about loss of love. Rossetti lived in the 19th century where people were often preoccupied with the idea of death and perhaps this is what influenced Rossetti. Rossetti shows the cruel hand of fate can interweave in love.’ Remember’, the title doesn’t reveal much about the poem but as we read the first line ‘Remember me’, we know that the poem is written in first person and when she says ‘I am gone away’ ‘into the silent land’, we come to know that she is going to die. This arouses our sympathy for her. Love has been disrupted by death. ‘of our future that you planned:’ this relation is strong and is experienced. She wants her husband to remember her even when she is not ar... ...s and what they want from women and with this we get a pretty clear idea of the Duke. In conclusion I would say that love can be of many types and it can lead to so many positive sides and negative sides. Love can also be interrupted by death, jealousy. From Christina Walsh’s poem ‘A Woman To Her Lover’, I have learnt that love should not only be service, worship, physical desires, but there is more to it. Love should be from the heart and not from the mind unlike John Clare ‘First Love’. I have also noticed that love has a spiritual and physical meaning. It is also divine as to Christina Walsh and Elizabeth Browning. Through ‘First Love’ I would be aware of the beauty of women around the world but not let loose of my self and if failed not to give up all hopes like John Clare. The emotions love in these poems has given me a different insight on love.

Drug Abuse within University Students in Ottawa Essay

The term drug abuse refers to any use of any drug for something else a part from its planned medical or psychiatric purpose. The use of such drugs may involve using prescription drugs for wrong purposes or using illicit drugs. For instance, research has shown that in Ottawa many university students take drugs not for the intended medical use but mainly to get high. Most students from Ottawa who abuse the drugs in most cases obtain the drugs illegally from unlawful sources. This puts their lives in danger as they engage in dangerous methods of use of drugs that swerve from the accepted medical practice or scientific knowledge and they take drugs for reasons that they are not meant for (Weibe, 1994). The Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network have been holding several meetings in an attempt to identify the issues related to prevention, treatment, harm reduction and enforcement among the Ottawa university students engaging in substance abuse. In this regard, the community network is therefore preparing to consult the public on related issues. The consultation from the public by the community can only be done conveniently through research, studies and surveys. Thesis statement The abuse of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin and other illicit drugs has been on the rise among university students in Ottawa. Several attempts have been made by different groups including the Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network to come up with preventive measures and health promotion strategies but the drug abuse by these students is still on the rise. The current studies however have raised more concern on the female student abusers since in the recent past, less attention has been given to them and this as a result has exposed them to excessive abuse of these drugs and therefore facing severe suffering as compared to their male counterparts who are abusing the same drugs (Single, Robson, Xie & Rehm, 1996). Research questions Some of the questions prepared for the phenomenological research included; do the university students in Ottawa use or abuse drugs? If they do abuse the drugs then what are the most commonly abused substances among the students? What percentage of female student’s abuse drugs in relation to the percentage of the male students who abuse the same drugs? Is there any difference in the level of consumption between the genders? What effects do the student abusers suffer from the consumption of these drugs? Do the drug abusers suffer the same effects? Interviewing For our interview we are not going to inquire about the name of the student being interviewed but we are rather going to refer to the students as student one up to student six respectively. Our interview questions are going to be based on the research questions mentioned above. This being a phenomenological research whatever is reported in this paper is going to be exactly as it appeared to the observer during the research (Rocheleau, 1995). Student one Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student one: the of drugs use by university students in Ottawa is growing at a very high rate and therefore fits to be referred to as drug abuse since in most case are used for purposes other than the intended ones, for instance most students take drugs to get high. Researcher: what are the most commonly abused drugs by the university students within Ottawa? Student one: the most commonly used drugs are cocaine, marijuana and at times heroin and many others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student one: it is a fact that the number of male students abusing the drugs is higher than that of the female students abusing drugs and it can be approximated to about 50% of the female population and 70% of the male population. Researcher: what effects do the drug abusers suffer after consuming the drugs? Student one: most students suffer depressive disorders and mood disorders. Student two Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student two: actually the drug consumption by university students in Ottawa only fits to be described as drug abuse. Researcher: Why do you think the description best fits ‘abuse’? Student two: the use of drugs has become too much and also the drugs used by students are addictive and not meant improve health. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa used most? Student two: the drugs commonly used are cocaine and marijuana but others like heroin and alcohol are also used. Researcher: which group is most affected by the addiction habits, is it the male students or the female students? Student two: the male students seem to be more affected than the female students since they seem to consume in large numbers compared to the female students. Researcher: what effects do they suffer after consuming the drugs? Student two: the effects mostly suffered include mood disorders and depressive disorders. Researcher: do both the female and the male students suffer the same effects? Student two: other than the already mentioned disorders, female students do suffer a lot of stigma and confrontation from their family members and friends unlike male students who do not experience the same (Pauline, 1997). Student three Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student three: the drugs that are consumed and as they are consumed by university students within Ottawa are definitely abuse. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student three: the drugs commonly used are cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student three: the number of female students using the drugs is usually lower than that of the male students abusing the drugs so according to my approximation it is 48% for female and 65% for male. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student three: students who abuse the drugs in most cases seem depressed and out of mood and usually fail to perform normally. Researcher: which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student three: the female students seem to be more affected since they tend to suffer more long term effects than male students. Student four Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student four: the drugs as consumed by the students are more abuse that use. Researcher: why do you say so? Student four: the rate, the purpose and the frequency of drug consumption by university students cannot be termed as usage. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student four: the drugs commonly consumed are marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, heroin among others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student four: the percentage of male students consuming drugs is usually higher than that of the female students consuming drugs. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student four: the effects of drugs includes stigma which is mostly suffered by female students, others effects are mood disorders and depression. Student five Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student five: the rate and quantity at which drugs are consumed is said to be abused. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student five: the drugs commonly used include cocaine and alcohol. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student five: the number of female students consuming the drugs when compared to the male students is 45% to 65 %. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student five: the effects are hangover, failing to perform properly, dizziness and depression. Researcher: which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student five: those who abuse the drugs suffer the same effects. Student six Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student six: the students do abuse the drugs. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student six: mostly they consume cocaine and at times alcohol, marijuana, heroin and many others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student six: the percentage for male students abusing drugs is higher than those of female abusing drugs. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student six: drug abuse causes depression, malfunctioning, mood disorders and many others. Purpose of the study The main objective of the study on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa was to find out if the students do use or abuse the drugs, to establish the motivations behind the consumption of these drugs, to clarify the rate of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa, to identify the drugs mainly abused by university students in Ottawa, to verify the relationship between the female students consumption and male students consumption, to identify how the abuse of these drugs affect the lives of the students, to identify some of the measures that can be taken to prevent drug abuse by the students and to treat the already affected students (Pauline, 1997). Delimitations of the study The main advantage enjoyed during the study was that it was easy to find and interview different students on the issue of drug abuse among them since the study was conducted during school session when all students were in their respective learning institutions therefore it involved less cost around looking for students to interview. In addition, enough private rooms for interviews were provided where students felt free to share their ideas on the topic of discussion. Limitations Even though the students were available, most of them proved so unreliable. This is because most of the students were not ready to be interviewed. Those who were ready for the interview however tended to give inadequate information since most of them did not want to disclose full information regarding their drug use status as they considered it something private and therefore wanted to preserve it. In addition, most students who were given capsules to treat their drug abuse related disorders were not willing to take them, which resulted, to a lot of wastage. Consequently, it was not easy to get urine samples for test from drug abusers since most of them could not allow it. (El-Guebaly & Hodgins,1992). Research strategies Having a topic of study, the phenomenological research strategy involved, first developing the topic. â€Å"In case, it is a drug abuse among university students in Ottawa, What effects does the use illicit drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and many others have on the health of students? † needed to be asked before proceeding with the research. The next step involved finding the background information on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa. This was done by looking for the key words of the topic from encyclopedias with the subject. From the encyclopedia, several articles were read which set the context for the research. Additional background information was found from textbooks and other reserved materials, which involved research, conducted on the same topic by different researchers in different years. It also involved finding out for how long this has been going on and what has been done to prevent it (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt, 1996). The research further involved finding books and articles to find out what other researchers who conducted their study on the same topic found out. It was from here that a comparison was made to find out if the statistics on the drug abuse by university students in Ottawa has changed. The past studies were of great significance since different ideas on what should be done to prevent the practice were suggested without having to repeat the measures that had been implemented and which did not work. In concluding the research, different sources of information were evaluated and cited in relation to how comprehensive the information got from them were. Role of the researcher The main role of the researcher in this study was to interview different students to be able to verify their opinions and perception of the use of illicit drugs within or outside their learning institutions. The researcher was also to find out the major motivations behind the students’ drug abuse behavior and the effects they suffer after consuming the drugs. In addition, the researcher was to administer some drug abuse disorder related capsules to find out how effective they could be in reducing drug samples in blood. Furthermore, the researcher was to carry out some random tests on some of the drug abusers to find out the drug that is most commonly abused by university students in Ottawa (Weibe, 1994). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness During the study, it was not easy to convince the students to reveal information regarding their drug abuse behaviors. This was because the students were more concerned about preserving their privacy, which they were not willing to make known to the institution authorities, their parents and even friends. It was therefore upon the researchers to explore different strategies to convince the students that whatever they were going to discuss was to remain a secret between the student and the interviewer. This was done by ensuring that the involved only two people i. e. the researcher and the student in a private room where no any other party could steal the topic of discussion (Christensen, Jacobson, 1997). Literature review The phenomenological research on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa found out that the drugs possibly abused by these students are mainly prescription drugs. Such drugs are usually opiate based for pain relief, tranquilizers, stimulants and amphetamines. Others also include sedatives and barbiturates. The study however found out that the most seriously abused drugs by the students of Ottawa University are cocaine and marijuana. Most students who abuse drugs such as the barbiturates were found to do so with the intention of getting rid of anxiety and sleep disorders. On the other hand, the abusers of tranquillizers consume them with an intention of reducing stress and panic attacks. Studies on drug abuse by students since 1970s has shown that male students consume more drugs than their female counterparts. The frequency of drug usage was also found to be high in males than in females. For example, a study conducted on Ottawa University students on drug abuse confirmed that about 74% of male students compared to 53% of female students consumed more than one to two standard drinks in the previous year (Corbett, 1994). Very recent studies on drug abuse among university students however showed that there was a smaller gender difference in levels of drug consumption. A recent survey of Ottawa university students showed that 83. 3% of female students and 84. 9% of male students had abused drugs in the past one year. Most Ottawa university male and female students are assumed to consume drugs moderately. Nevertheless, a clear gender difference is confirmed from self-reported by the students of excessive drug consumption. The excessive consumption especially alcohol consumption is defined by four or more drinks by female students on a single occasion and five or more drinks by male students on a single occasion. The rate for harmful consumption for female students is however higher than that of male students. Almost a half of the total female students (42%) who had engaged in drug abuse were reported to have had harmful abuse as compared to 46. 3% of all the male students who had abused drug that year reported to have had harmful abuse (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt 1996). Harmful consumption of drugs as was identified included those who felt in the wrong after consuming the drug, those who could not remember anything after taking the drug, those who suffered drug abuse related injuries and those whom after consumption of the drugs suggested reduction in drug abuse among students (El-Guebaly, 1990). Other than those who suffered harmful abuse, there are those who were found to be dependent abusers. Dependent abusers involved approximately 28. 6% of female students and 30. 5% of male students. It was noted that the dependent abusers could not stop using the drugs, could not perform expected activities after the consumption of drugs or needed some morning consumption of the drugs. The table below shows the percentage of university students by sex who were reported past year for harmful and dependent drinking. Sex Harmful drinking Dependent drinking Female 42% 28. 6% Male 46. 3% 30. 5% On further survey, 56 percent of all the female abusers were found to be taking at least five drinks on a single occasion in the course of the year. On the other hand, 26. 1% were found to be taking at least eight drinks on one occasion during the same period. In addition to the above surveys, a research conducted indicated that 30. 4% of male students were reported to have taken alcohol beyond the low risk guidelines for alcohol consumption as compared to 15. 2% of the female students (Ogborne, Smart& Rush 1998). According to the research, in a situation where the harm got from drug abuse is as a result of substance abuse, there occurs very small gender difference quoted by male and female students. For instance a study conducted in 2004 confirmed that 6. 9% of female students and 9. 1% of male students reported that there occurred at least harm in their lives during the past year as a result of their drug consumption and 30. 4% of female and 30. 7% of male students reported harm as a result of another person’s consumption(Corbett, 1994) In 1994 a survey recent reports showed an increasing drug abuse for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and others by male and female students. Generally, male students were found to be on the front line when it comes to reporting the use of illicit drugs as compared to their female counterparts. Nevertheless, the most recent reports point to an increasing self-reports by both female and male students in the use of cannabis although a significant gender difference remains. On alcohol and other drugs abuse, 10% of male students and 5% of female students were reported to be abusers of cannabis while a same study conducted in 2004 indicated an increment to 18% for male students and 10% for female students. In addition, the same study in the 2004 indicated that 7. 35% of female students and 14. 1% of male students were abusers of cocaine. The study conducted in Ottawa University provided enough evidence that the difference in gender in relation to illicit substance use is getting smaller. Alarm on this situation has attracted international attention especially from Australia, united sates and other European Union countries. In the year 2004, 15. 8% of female students and 18. 1% male students reported harms from their own cannabis consumption. Research has shown that approximately 25% to about 33% of all students using injection drugs in Ottawa University are female students. This has been identified as a major factor for HIV infection in female students. It has been noted that of the entire positive tests of HIV in women from the year 1985 to 2002, between 33% and 48% have been as a result of injection drug use. Reports from the study revealed that there is consumption of the ketom plant leaves by university students in Ottawa as a drug because the leaves of ketom plants contain hallucinogens, which are as intoxicating as marijuana. The increased abuse of drugs in university colleges is blamed on the difficulties in enforcing laws in such institutions, which speeds up the spread of such drugs. (Corbett, 1994). A further research showed that many drug users do suffer mood disorders. For instance among those abusing cocaine, the most commonly detected disorders are depressive disorders. The analysis revealed that the association between mood disorders and drug abuse among the abusers is usually very complicated. Most drug abusers do build up depression that comes as a result of physical and psychological endurance connected with the use of drugs. The study showed that most students who suffered mood disorders after abusing cocaine became drug dependent after making attempts of self-medication. Initially it was not easy to handle the conditions of students who were suffering from both mood disorders and drug abuse but it became possible after a research revealed that a treatment on mood disorders alone could have a positive effect on drug abuse (Boyd, Millard & Webster 1985). A research that was conducted on students involved urine test whereby unsystematic weekly examinations indicated a significant high use of cocaine as compared to marijuana by different students. Most of the students who tested positive for drug abuse however, were found to have come from families with a history of substance abuse, which in most situations reached, back to several generations. All students from such families had started abusing the drugs long before enrolling in the institution. All students who participated in the study and who happened to be drug abusers were given packets of capsules which they were to take two times each day during the four week study. For most of the students, the capsules included lithium prescription that had shown its effectiveness in treating adult bipolar patients. Bipolar disorder in most students was found to have been caused by substance abuse disorder including the use of marijuana, alcohol, cocaine and other multiple drugs. During the study, a number of students were also treated as outpatients and given weekly therapy sessions in addition. In the course of the study, blood vessels of lithium were tested at least twice every week to ensure that the participants were taking the capsules given to them. Samples of urine were also taken on a similar basis to scrutinize the use of drug (Christensen & . Jacobson, 1997). The percentage of the students taking the lithium capsules, the drug positive samples changed from 38% to approximately 8% indicating a significant reduction. Four random tests were conducted during the study and the urine samples that were tested revealed the students self reports. They were definitely a noteworthy reduction in the use of drug. In addition to reduction in drug use, the students receiving lithium capsules progressed in the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The improvement was mainly noted in their ability to function properly in school activities as compared to how they could function before the study. Chronically drug dependent students who were suffering from primary and secondary depression were recognized in the course of the study and treated. Most students who experienced a drop in depressive symptoms and those who noted improvements confessed that they had noted a reduction in their crave and use of drugs mainly cocaine and marijuana. The research that was conducted indicated that there has been almost forty years of trying to prevent drug abuse among university students in Ottawa. This has been done by conducting youth counseling especially to those who have developed drug addiction. In addition to youth counseling a treatment centre for youth who are suffering from drug abuse related disorders have been opened to help treat the youth. In an evaluation of the best measures to put forward in trying to find treatment to substance abuse in Canada, a study showed that female students do suffer a lot of stigma in connection with their substance abuse problem as compared to the male students. In addition, the research has established that the female students do suffer much confrontation from their families and friends and most negative consequences in treatment center (El-Guebaly, 1990). The female students do suffer the negative consequences in treatment centers as a result of problems from family members, neglect by friends, lack of finances to cater for the treatment bill and other unfavorable effects related to the well-being of females. It has been demonstrated in different researches that advertising of drugs has a very strong influence on the way university students in Ottawa perceive some of these drugs and can therefore be a source of motivators to these students to engage in their consumption. Furthermore, female students as compared to male students experience sexual abuse and physical abuse, which in most cases have a strong relationship with substance abuse. Research has demonstrated that female students who had at one time in their lives suffered sexual assault in most cases do use or misuse drugs at early ages and in most cases, they use them in large quantities (El-Guebaly & Hodgins, 1992). For According to the research conducted, the effect of abusing drugs and especially the illicit drugs such as cocaine and marijuana have been found to diverge among female students and also between female and male students depending on the drugs that are on hand for use. The effects of the drugs however do depend on the type of drug consumed, how regular the abuser use the drug, the amount of drug consumed and the general health condition of the person consuming the drug (Smart, 1983). Example a review on the effect between male and female students established that female students are affected very much differently from male students with rapture. The analysis of the study showed that female students with rapture unlike male students do experience more severe sensitive changes and difficulties in making decision. In addition, the female students suffer more long lasting effects such as mood swings, depression, paranoia and anxiety than their male counterparts who engage in the consumption of similar drugs. Consequently, the death rate from substance abuse among university students in Ottawa seems to be high for female students as compared to that of the male students. Findings From the study on the causes of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa its has been found that there is inadequate education and prevention measures that look into the needs of different individuals and especially university students over their life span. It has been pointed out that there is an immense distinction between what is said and what is done as far as prevention of drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is concerned. According to the planners, prevention measures should be long term and lasting, however most prevention measures put across are always short term due to poor funding. In addition to this, there is lack of treatment centers for people suffering from drug related disorders thus causing long waiting lists for university students (El-Guebaly, 1990). The study has also revealed that advertisements of different drugs and lack of implementation of policies regarding drug abuse in the universities in Ottawa are some of the major motivators behind the students’ drug abusing behavior. The drugs found to be more accessible as a result and therefore most commonly abused by the students were the cocaine and marijuana. The findings from the research have also indicated that the female students are the major sufferers from drug abuse and addiction even though the male students seem to consume drugs at higher rate and more frequently than the female students. The death rate from drug abuse of female students has also been found to high as compared to that of male students. Conclusion Despite the fact that drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is still high, research has proved that most of the students involved in the practice are willing to drop the idea and promote their health status when appropriate measures are put in place. It is therefore upon the authorities concerned to take necessary actions to ensure that students are provided with enough information and resources to help them overcome the drug addiction (Ogborne, Smart $ Rush 1998). Significance of the study The study conducted on Ottawa university students has proved to be of great significance since several suggestions on how this problem can be solved have been suggested. The study was also of significance since different students were given an opportunity to express their feelings as far as drug abuse among university students is concerned and from that, it was realized that most students are willing and are ready to abandon the practice. In addition, most students were able to receive different tests on their blood and urine samples to verify the extent of drug level in their blood. Finally, most students were given capsules, which proved to be very effective in treating, and reducing drug abuse related disorders in their blood. Lessons learned From the studies and researches conducted it was clear that until recently very little attention was paid to female abusing drugs as compared to the attention given to male abusers both within the society and within the learning institutions. This is because female’s substance abuse has never been as high as that of male up to the recent past. Nevertheless, we are currently seeing some matching in the levels of drug consumption among female and males. The studies have also revealed that in making efforts to promote drug abuse prevention measures and health of the drug addicts in learning institutions, professionals, addiction system planners and public policy makers have not given any attention to motivations for use of drugs by students and the speeding up consequences of use of drugs by female students in colleges (Boyd & Webster 1985). Future direction From the lessons learnt from the study it was recommended that instead of exploring a system, that involves drug abuse prevention, programs for health promotion that includes males and females, the planners and the programmers should attend to differing needs of different students in relation to their gender, and other problems related to drug abuse. The high rates of heavy drug abuse by female students raised a lot of concern and recommendations such as low risk drinking guidelines for female students were made which required every female student involved in drug abuse to take at most three drinks in a single occasion or less than three in other circumstances depending on the type of drug being used. A further recommendation suggested that male students should limit their drinking to a maximum of fourteen drinks per week and the female students should limit their drinking to a maximum of nine drinks per week. (Abrams, et. al 1993). References Abrams & D. B. et. al. (1993). Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence under Managed Health Care: A Combined Stepped Care and Matching Model. Tobacco Control 2 (supplementary) Boyd, N. , Millard, C. J. & Webster, C. D. (1985). Heroin Treatment in British Columbia. 1976-1984. Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis? Canadian Journal of Criminology 27(2), Christensen, A. , Jacobson, N. S. (1997). HIV, AIDS and Injection Drug Use: A National Action Plan. Ottawa. 5(1, Jan) Corbett, G. (1994). Addiction Education and Training: Bringing the Field Together. Report of the Ontario Addictions Coordinating Group’s Education and Training Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto. El-Guebaly, N. (1990). Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders: The Dual Diagnoses Concept. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry El-Guebaly, N. , Hodgins & DC (1992). Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse: Prevalence Issues. Can

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in...

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in society. These attitudes and ideas were very appropriate for the time because they stressed strong, centralized power, the only kind of leadership that seemed to be working throughout Europe, and which was the element Italy was lacking. Machiavelli†¦show more content†¦These events and people left impressions on him that would become recommendations for strong, ruthless, central government in his writings. Machiavelli stated that princes needed to be harsh in their treatment of both mixed principalities (new and old principalities combined) and new principalities. There is in all new and mixed principalities a natural hazard... the willingness of men to change one lord for another, believing thus to improve their lot. To avoid against rebellions, the prince must be very harsh, disarm the populace, and always be cautious. It is easier for a prince to hold control after he has already subdued one rebellion, for he can use it as an excuse to establish himself more solidly, by strengthening his power. To retain control of a city is much more difficult than acquiring control of a city according to Machiavelli. After a city is acquired, there are three ways of keeping control of it, the first is to destroy it, the second is to go there in person, and the third is... setting up a government composed of a few men who will keep it friendly to you. Once a prince takes control of a city, he must not forget it, for it can easily be lost. Even if following one of Machiavellis three ways to keep a city, it is still possible to lose control. Rebellions were commonplace in Renaissance Italy, and to protect against them it was necessary to constantly keep the city under the princes