Love Poems Essay -- Poems Poetry Love Emotions Essays

Love Poems Have the love poems, you have read given you a better insight into the emotion of love? The subject of ‘Love Poetry’ has given rise to some of the most beautiful and fascinating poetry. The poets illustrate their feelings, or the feelings of the people concerned with them through the use of figurative language. A love poem is not necessarily a poem about romantic love, about romance, marriage and commitment; it could be something else entirely. It seems to be Universal. Timeless. Yet, it's also very individual, filtered by our own lives and expectations. Love can be a different thing for each one of us. Not all love poems deal with happy positive sides of love but there is also the negative sides such as pain, sadness and loss. Through these poems ‘When We Two Parted’, ‘Remember’, ‘First Love’, ‘How Do I Love Thee?’, ‘A Woman To Her Lover’, and ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ we become familiar with the different emotions associated with love. Christina Rossetti’s ‘Remember’ is a poignant poem written in the 19th century about loss of love. Rossetti lived in the 19th century where people were often preoccupied with the idea of death and perhaps this is what influenced Rossetti. Rossetti shows the cruel hand of fate can interweave in love.’ Remember’, the title doesn’t reveal much about the poem but as we read the first line ‘Remember me’, we know that the poem is written in first person and when she says ‘I am gone away’ ‘into the silent land’, we come to know that she is going to die. This arouses our sympathy for her. Love has been disrupted by death. ‘of our future that you planned:’ this relation is strong and is experienced. She wants her husband to remember her even when she is not ar... ...s and what they want from women and with this we get a pretty clear idea of the Duke. In conclusion I would say that love can be of many types and it can lead to so many positive sides and negative sides. Love can also be interrupted by death, jealousy. From Christina Walsh’s poem ‘A Woman To Her Lover’, I have learnt that love should not only be service, worship, physical desires, but there is more to it. Love should be from the heart and not from the mind unlike John Clare ‘First Love’. I have also noticed that love has a spiritual and physical meaning. It is also divine as to Christina Walsh and Elizabeth Browning. Through ‘First Love’ I would be aware of the beauty of women around the world but not let loose of my self and if failed not to give up all hopes like John Clare. The emotions love in these poems has given me a different insight on love.

Drug Abuse within University Students in Ottawa Essay

The term drug abuse refers to any use of any drug for something else a part from its planned medical or psychiatric purpose. The use of such drugs may involve using prescription drugs for wrong purposes or using illicit drugs. For instance, research has shown that in Ottawa many university students take drugs not for the intended medical use but mainly to get high. Most students from Ottawa who abuse the drugs in most cases obtain the drugs illegally from unlawful sources. This puts their lives in danger as they engage in dangerous methods of use of drugs that swerve from the accepted medical practice or scientific knowledge and they take drugs for reasons that they are not meant for (Weibe, 1994). The Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network have been holding several meetings in an attempt to identify the issues related to prevention, treatment, harm reduction and enforcement among the Ottawa university students engaging in substance abuse. In this regard, the community network is therefore preparing to consult the public on related issues. The consultation from the public by the community can only be done conveniently through research, studies and surveys. Thesis statement The abuse of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin and other illicit drugs has been on the rise among university students in Ottawa. Several attempts have been made by different groups including the Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network to come up with preventive measures and health promotion strategies but the drug abuse by these students is still on the rise. The current studies however have raised more concern on the female student abusers since in the recent past, less attention has been given to them and this as a result has exposed them to excessive abuse of these drugs and therefore facing severe suffering as compared to their male counterparts who are abusing the same drugs (Single, Robson, Xie & Rehm, 1996). Research questions Some of the questions prepared for the phenomenological research included; do the university students in Ottawa use or abuse drugs? If they do abuse the drugs then what are the most commonly abused substances among the students? What percentage of female student’s abuse drugs in relation to the percentage of the male students who abuse the same drugs? Is there any difference in the level of consumption between the genders? What effects do the student abusers suffer from the consumption of these drugs? Do the drug abusers suffer the same effects? Interviewing For our interview we are not going to inquire about the name of the student being interviewed but we are rather going to refer to the students as student one up to student six respectively. Our interview questions are going to be based on the research questions mentioned above. This being a phenomenological research whatever is reported in this paper is going to be exactly as it appeared to the observer during the research (Rocheleau, 1995). Student one Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student one: the of drugs use by university students in Ottawa is growing at a very high rate and therefore fits to be referred to as drug abuse since in most case are used for purposes other than the intended ones, for instance most students take drugs to get high. Researcher: what are the most commonly abused drugs by the university students within Ottawa? Student one: the most commonly used drugs are cocaine, marijuana and at times heroin and many others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student one: it is a fact that the number of male students abusing the drugs is higher than that of the female students abusing drugs and it can be approximated to about 50% of the female population and 70% of the male population. Researcher: what effects do the drug abusers suffer after consuming the drugs? Student one: most students suffer depressive disorders and mood disorders. Student two Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student two: actually the drug consumption by university students in Ottawa only fits to be described as drug abuse. Researcher: Why do you think the description best fits ‘abuse’? Student two: the use of drugs has become too much and also the drugs used by students are addictive and not meant improve health. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa used most? Student two: the drugs commonly used are cocaine and marijuana but others like heroin and alcohol are also used. Researcher: which group is most affected by the addiction habits, is it the male students or the female students? Student two: the male students seem to be more affected than the female students since they seem to consume in large numbers compared to the female students. Researcher: what effects do they suffer after consuming the drugs? Student two: the effects mostly suffered include mood disorders and depressive disorders. Researcher: do both the female and the male students suffer the same effects? Student two: other than the already mentioned disorders, female students do suffer a lot of stigma and confrontation from their family members and friends unlike male students who do not experience the same (Pauline, 1997). Student three Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student three: the drugs that are consumed and as they are consumed by university students within Ottawa are definitely abuse. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student three: the drugs commonly used are cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student three: the number of female students using the drugs is usually lower than that of the male students abusing the drugs so according to my approximation it is 48% for female and 65% for male. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student three: students who abuse the drugs in most cases seem depressed and out of mood and usually fail to perform normally. Researcher: which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student three: the female students seem to be more affected since they tend to suffer more long term effects than male students. Student four Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student four: the drugs as consumed by the students are more abuse that use. Researcher: why do you say so? Student four: the rate, the purpose and the frequency of drug consumption by university students cannot be termed as usage. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student four: the drugs commonly consumed are marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, heroin among others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student four: the percentage of male students consuming drugs is usually higher than that of the female students consuming drugs. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student four: the effects of drugs includes stigma which is mostly suffered by female students, others effects are mood disorders and depression. Student five Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student five: the rate and quantity at which drugs are consumed is said to be abused. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student five: the drugs commonly used include cocaine and alcohol. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student five: the number of female students consuming the drugs when compared to the male students is 45% to 65 %. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student five: the effects are hangover, failing to perform properly, dizziness and depression. Researcher: which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student five: those who abuse the drugs suffer the same effects. Student six Researcher: as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student six: the students do abuse the drugs. Researcher: which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student six: mostly they consume cocaine and at times alcohol, marijuana, heroin and many others. Researcher: how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student six: the percentage for male students abusing drugs is higher than those of female abusing drugs. Researcher: what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student six: drug abuse causes depression, malfunctioning, mood disorders and many others. Purpose of the study The main objective of the study on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa was to find out if the students do use or abuse the drugs, to establish the motivations behind the consumption of these drugs, to clarify the rate of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa, to identify the drugs mainly abused by university students in Ottawa, to verify the relationship between the female students consumption and male students consumption, to identify how the abuse of these drugs affect the lives of the students, to identify some of the measures that can be taken to prevent drug abuse by the students and to treat the already affected students (Pauline, 1997). Delimitations of the study The main advantage enjoyed during the study was that it was easy to find and interview different students on the issue of drug abuse among them since the study was conducted during school session when all students were in their respective learning institutions therefore it involved less cost around looking for students to interview. In addition, enough private rooms for interviews were provided where students felt free to share their ideas on the topic of discussion. Limitations Even though the students were available, most of them proved so unreliable. This is because most of the students were not ready to be interviewed. Those who were ready for the interview however tended to give inadequate information since most of them did not want to disclose full information regarding their drug use status as they considered it something private and therefore wanted to preserve it. In addition, most students who were given capsules to treat their drug abuse related disorders were not willing to take them, which resulted, to a lot of wastage. Consequently, it was not easy to get urine samples for test from drug abusers since most of them could not allow it. (El-Guebaly & Hodgins,1992). Research strategies Having a topic of study, the phenomenological research strategy involved, first developing the topic. â€Å"In case, it is a drug abuse among university students in Ottawa, What effects does the use illicit drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and many others have on the health of students? † needed to be asked before proceeding with the research. The next step involved finding the background information on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa. This was done by looking for the key words of the topic from encyclopedias with the subject. From the encyclopedia, several articles were read which set the context for the research. Additional background information was found from textbooks and other reserved materials, which involved research, conducted on the same topic by different researchers in different years. It also involved finding out for how long this has been going on and what has been done to prevent it (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt, 1996). The research further involved finding books and articles to find out what other researchers who conducted their study on the same topic found out. It was from here that a comparison was made to find out if the statistics on the drug abuse by university students in Ottawa has changed. The past studies were of great significance since different ideas on what should be done to prevent the practice were suggested without having to repeat the measures that had been implemented and which did not work. In concluding the research, different sources of information were evaluated and cited in relation to how comprehensive the information got from them were. Role of the researcher The main role of the researcher in this study was to interview different students to be able to verify their opinions and perception of the use of illicit drugs within or outside their learning institutions. The researcher was also to find out the major motivations behind the students’ drug abuse behavior and the effects they suffer after consuming the drugs. In addition, the researcher was to administer some drug abuse disorder related capsules to find out how effective they could be in reducing drug samples in blood. Furthermore, the researcher was to carry out some random tests on some of the drug abusers to find out the drug that is most commonly abused by university students in Ottawa (Weibe, 1994). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness During the study, it was not easy to convince the students to reveal information regarding their drug abuse behaviors. This was because the students were more concerned about preserving their privacy, which they were not willing to make known to the institution authorities, their parents and even friends. It was therefore upon the researchers to explore different strategies to convince the students that whatever they were going to discuss was to remain a secret between the student and the interviewer. This was done by ensuring that the involved only two people i. e. the researcher and the student in a private room where no any other party could steal the topic of discussion (Christensen, Jacobson, 1997). Literature review The phenomenological research on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa found out that the drugs possibly abused by these students are mainly prescription drugs. Such drugs are usually opiate based for pain relief, tranquilizers, stimulants and amphetamines. Others also include sedatives and barbiturates. The study however found out that the most seriously abused drugs by the students of Ottawa University are cocaine and marijuana. Most students who abuse drugs such as the barbiturates were found to do so with the intention of getting rid of anxiety and sleep disorders. On the other hand, the abusers of tranquillizers consume them with an intention of reducing stress and panic attacks. Studies on drug abuse by students since 1970s has shown that male students consume more drugs than their female counterparts. The frequency of drug usage was also found to be high in males than in females. For example, a study conducted on Ottawa University students on drug abuse confirmed that about 74% of male students compared to 53% of female students consumed more than one to two standard drinks in the previous year (Corbett, 1994). Very recent studies on drug abuse among university students however showed that there was a smaller gender difference in levels of drug consumption. A recent survey of Ottawa university students showed that 83. 3% of female students and 84. 9% of male students had abused drugs in the past one year. Most Ottawa university male and female students are assumed to consume drugs moderately. Nevertheless, a clear gender difference is confirmed from self-reported by the students of excessive drug consumption. The excessive consumption especially alcohol consumption is defined by four or more drinks by female students on a single occasion and five or more drinks by male students on a single occasion. The rate for harmful consumption for female students is however higher than that of male students. Almost a half of the total female students (42%) who had engaged in drug abuse were reported to have had harmful abuse as compared to 46. 3% of all the male students who had abused drug that year reported to have had harmful abuse (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt 1996). Harmful consumption of drugs as was identified included those who felt in the wrong after consuming the drug, those who could not remember anything after taking the drug, those who suffered drug abuse related injuries and those whom after consumption of the drugs suggested reduction in drug abuse among students (El-Guebaly, 1990). Other than those who suffered harmful abuse, there are those who were found to be dependent abusers. Dependent abusers involved approximately 28. 6% of female students and 30. 5% of male students. It was noted that the dependent abusers could not stop using the drugs, could not perform expected activities after the consumption of drugs or needed some morning consumption of the drugs. The table below shows the percentage of university students by sex who were reported past year for harmful and dependent drinking. Sex Harmful drinking Dependent drinking Female 42% 28. 6% Male 46. 3% 30. 5% On further survey, 56 percent of all the female abusers were found to be taking at least five drinks on a single occasion in the course of the year. On the other hand, 26. 1% were found to be taking at least eight drinks on one occasion during the same period. In addition to the above surveys, a research conducted indicated that 30. 4% of male students were reported to have taken alcohol beyond the low risk guidelines for alcohol consumption as compared to 15. 2% of the female students (Ogborne, Smart& Rush 1998). According to the research, in a situation where the harm got from drug abuse is as a result of substance abuse, there occurs very small gender difference quoted by male and female students. For instance a study conducted in 2004 confirmed that 6. 9% of female students and 9. 1% of male students reported that there occurred at least harm in their lives during the past year as a result of their drug consumption and 30. 4% of female and 30. 7% of male students reported harm as a result of another person’s consumption(Corbett, 1994) In 1994 a survey recent reports showed an increasing drug abuse for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and others by male and female students. Generally, male students were found to be on the front line when it comes to reporting the use of illicit drugs as compared to their female counterparts. Nevertheless, the most recent reports point to an increasing self-reports by both female and male students in the use of cannabis although a significant gender difference remains. On alcohol and other drugs abuse, 10% of male students and 5% of female students were reported to be abusers of cannabis while a same study conducted in 2004 indicated an increment to 18% for male students and 10% for female students. In addition, the same study in the 2004 indicated that 7. 35% of female students and 14. 1% of male students were abusers of cocaine. The study conducted in Ottawa University provided enough evidence that the difference in gender in relation to illicit substance use is getting smaller. Alarm on this situation has attracted international attention especially from Australia, united sates and other European Union countries. In the year 2004, 15. 8% of female students and 18. 1% male students reported harms from their own cannabis consumption. Research has shown that approximately 25% to about 33% of all students using injection drugs in Ottawa University are female students. This has been identified as a major factor for HIV infection in female students. It has been noted that of the entire positive tests of HIV in women from the year 1985 to 2002, between 33% and 48% have been as a result of injection drug use. Reports from the study revealed that there is consumption of the ketom plant leaves by university students in Ottawa as a drug because the leaves of ketom plants contain hallucinogens, which are as intoxicating as marijuana. The increased abuse of drugs in university colleges is blamed on the difficulties in enforcing laws in such institutions, which speeds up the spread of such drugs. (Corbett, 1994). A further research showed that many drug users do suffer mood disorders. For instance among those abusing cocaine, the most commonly detected disorders are depressive disorders. The analysis revealed that the association between mood disorders and drug abuse among the abusers is usually very complicated. Most drug abusers do build up depression that comes as a result of physical and psychological endurance connected with the use of drugs. The study showed that most students who suffered mood disorders after abusing cocaine became drug dependent after making attempts of self-medication. Initially it was not easy to handle the conditions of students who were suffering from both mood disorders and drug abuse but it became possible after a research revealed that a treatment on mood disorders alone could have a positive effect on drug abuse (Boyd, Millard & Webster 1985). A research that was conducted on students involved urine test whereby unsystematic weekly examinations indicated a significant high use of cocaine as compared to marijuana by different students. Most of the students who tested positive for drug abuse however, were found to have come from families with a history of substance abuse, which in most situations reached, back to several generations. All students from such families had started abusing the drugs long before enrolling in the institution. All students who participated in the study and who happened to be drug abusers were given packets of capsules which they were to take two times each day during the four week study. For most of the students, the capsules included lithium prescription that had shown its effectiveness in treating adult bipolar patients. Bipolar disorder in most students was found to have been caused by substance abuse disorder including the use of marijuana, alcohol, cocaine and other multiple drugs. During the study, a number of students were also treated as outpatients and given weekly therapy sessions in addition. In the course of the study, blood vessels of lithium were tested at least twice every week to ensure that the participants were taking the capsules given to them. Samples of urine were also taken on a similar basis to scrutinize the use of drug (Christensen & . Jacobson, 1997). The percentage of the students taking the lithium capsules, the drug positive samples changed from 38% to approximately 8% indicating a significant reduction. Four random tests were conducted during the study and the urine samples that were tested revealed the students self reports. They were definitely a noteworthy reduction in the use of drug. In addition to reduction in drug use, the students receiving lithium capsules progressed in the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The improvement was mainly noted in their ability to function properly in school activities as compared to how they could function before the study. Chronically drug dependent students who were suffering from primary and secondary depression were recognized in the course of the study and treated. Most students who experienced a drop in depressive symptoms and those who noted improvements confessed that they had noted a reduction in their crave and use of drugs mainly cocaine and marijuana. The research that was conducted indicated that there has been almost forty years of trying to prevent drug abuse among university students in Ottawa. This has been done by conducting youth counseling especially to those who have developed drug addiction. In addition to youth counseling a treatment centre for youth who are suffering from drug abuse related disorders have been opened to help treat the youth. In an evaluation of the best measures to put forward in trying to find treatment to substance abuse in Canada, a study showed that female students do suffer a lot of stigma in connection with their substance abuse problem as compared to the male students. In addition, the research has established that the female students do suffer much confrontation from their families and friends and most negative consequences in treatment center (El-Guebaly, 1990). The female students do suffer the negative consequences in treatment centers as a result of problems from family members, neglect by friends, lack of finances to cater for the treatment bill and other unfavorable effects related to the well-being of females. It has been demonstrated in different researches that advertising of drugs has a very strong influence on the way university students in Ottawa perceive some of these drugs and can therefore be a source of motivators to these students to engage in their consumption. Furthermore, female students as compared to male students experience sexual abuse and physical abuse, which in most cases have a strong relationship with substance abuse. Research has demonstrated that female students who had at one time in their lives suffered sexual assault in most cases do use or misuse drugs at early ages and in most cases, they use them in large quantities (El-Guebaly & Hodgins, 1992). For According to the research conducted, the effect of abusing drugs and especially the illicit drugs such as cocaine and marijuana have been found to diverge among female students and also between female and male students depending on the drugs that are on hand for use. The effects of the drugs however do depend on the type of drug consumed, how regular the abuser use the drug, the amount of drug consumed and the general health condition of the person consuming the drug (Smart, 1983). Example a review on the effect between male and female students established that female students are affected very much differently from male students with rapture. The analysis of the study showed that female students with rapture unlike male students do experience more severe sensitive changes and difficulties in making decision. In addition, the female students suffer more long lasting effects such as mood swings, depression, paranoia and anxiety than their male counterparts who engage in the consumption of similar drugs. Consequently, the death rate from substance abuse among university students in Ottawa seems to be high for female students as compared to that of the male students. Findings From the study on the causes of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa its has been found that there is inadequate education and prevention measures that look into the needs of different individuals and especially university students over their life span. It has been pointed out that there is an immense distinction between what is said and what is done as far as prevention of drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is concerned. According to the planners, prevention measures should be long term and lasting, however most prevention measures put across are always short term due to poor funding. In addition to this, there is lack of treatment centers for people suffering from drug related disorders thus causing long waiting lists for university students (El-Guebaly, 1990). The study has also revealed that advertisements of different drugs and lack of implementation of policies regarding drug abuse in the universities in Ottawa are some of the major motivators behind the students’ drug abusing behavior. The drugs found to be more accessible as a result and therefore most commonly abused by the students were the cocaine and marijuana. The findings from the research have also indicated that the female students are the major sufferers from drug abuse and addiction even though the male students seem to consume drugs at higher rate and more frequently than the female students. The death rate from drug abuse of female students has also been found to high as compared to that of male students. Conclusion Despite the fact that drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is still high, research has proved that most of the students involved in the practice are willing to drop the idea and promote their health status when appropriate measures are put in place. It is therefore upon the authorities concerned to take necessary actions to ensure that students are provided with enough information and resources to help them overcome the drug addiction (Ogborne, Smart $ Rush 1998). Significance of the study The study conducted on Ottawa university students has proved to be of great significance since several suggestions on how this problem can be solved have been suggested. The study was also of significance since different students were given an opportunity to express their feelings as far as drug abuse among university students is concerned and from that, it was realized that most students are willing and are ready to abandon the practice. In addition, most students were able to receive different tests on their blood and urine samples to verify the extent of drug level in their blood. Finally, most students were given capsules, which proved to be very effective in treating, and reducing drug abuse related disorders in their blood. Lessons learned From the studies and researches conducted it was clear that until recently very little attention was paid to female abusing drugs as compared to the attention given to male abusers both within the society and within the learning institutions. This is because female’s substance abuse has never been as high as that of male up to the recent past. Nevertheless, we are currently seeing some matching in the levels of drug consumption among female and males. The studies have also revealed that in making efforts to promote drug abuse prevention measures and health of the drug addicts in learning institutions, professionals, addiction system planners and public policy makers have not given any attention to motivations for use of drugs by students and the speeding up consequences of use of drugs by female students in colleges (Boyd & Webster 1985). Future direction From the lessons learnt from the study it was recommended that instead of exploring a system, that involves drug abuse prevention, programs for health promotion that includes males and females, the planners and the programmers should attend to differing needs of different students in relation to their gender, and other problems related to drug abuse. The high rates of heavy drug abuse by female students raised a lot of concern and recommendations such as low risk drinking guidelines for female students were made which required every female student involved in drug abuse to take at most three drinks in a single occasion or less than three in other circumstances depending on the type of drug being used. A further recommendation suggested that male students should limit their drinking to a maximum of fourteen drinks per week and the female students should limit their drinking to a maximum of nine drinks per week. (Abrams, et. al 1993). References Abrams & D. B. et. al. (1993). Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence under Managed Health Care: A Combined Stepped Care and Matching Model. Tobacco Control 2 (supplementary) Boyd, N. , Millard, C. J. & Webster, C. D. (1985). Heroin Treatment in British Columbia. 1976-1984. Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis? Canadian Journal of Criminology 27(2), Christensen, A. , Jacobson, N. S. (1997). HIV, AIDS and Injection Drug Use: A National Action Plan. Ottawa. 5(1, Jan) Corbett, G. (1994). Addiction Education and Training: Bringing the Field Together. Report of the Ontario Addictions Coordinating Group’s Education and Training Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto. El-Guebaly, N. (1990). Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders: The Dual Diagnoses Concept. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry El-Guebaly, N. , Hodgins & DC (1992). Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse: Prevalence Issues. Can

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in...

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in society. These attitudes and ideas were very appropriate for the time because they stressed strong, centralized power, the only kind of leadership that seemed to be working throughout Europe, and which was the element Italy was lacking. Machiavelli†¦show more content†¦These events and people left impressions on him that would become recommendations for strong, ruthless, central government in his writings. Machiavelli stated that princes needed to be harsh in their treatment of both mixed principalities (new and old principalities combined) and new principalities. There is in all new and mixed principalities a natural hazard... the willingness of men to change one lord for another, believing thus to improve their lot. To avoid against rebellions, the prince must be very harsh, disarm the populace, and always be cautious. It is easier for a prince to hold control after he has already subdued one rebellion, for he can use it as an excuse to establish himself more solidly, by strengthening his power. To retain control of a city is much more difficult than acquiring control of a city according to Machiavelli. After a city is acquired, there are three ways of keeping control of it, the first is to destroy it, the second is to go there in person, and the third is... setting up a government composed of a few men who will keep it friendly to you. Once a prince takes control of a city, he must not forget it, for it can easily be lost. Even if following one of Machiavellis three ways to keep a city, it is still possible to lose control. Rebellions were commonplace in Renaissance Italy, and to protect against them it was necessary to constantly keep the city under the princes

Essay about Foxes The Introduced Pest - 831 Words

A tribute to my beloved hens â€Å"Eliza, Barbara and Doris† by backyard pets, consumed by a fox. The Red Fox was first introduced into Australia as early as 1845 as documented by The Australian Government. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/1910ab1d-a019-4ece-aa98-1085e6848271/files/european-red-fox.pdf. Foxes were brought across from England for the use of recreational hunting, as fox hunting was a popular past time in some parts of the United Kingdom and early settlers in Australia wished to pursue this sport. These early colonist were not aware of the impact of this decision, nor did they have the scientific knowledge to understand the†¦show more content†¦They also prey on lambs, sheep and other livestock in rural and farming areas, costing the farmers and Australian economy, not to mention sweet helpless back yard pets like chickens! The fox has few natural or no n atural enemies in Australia and few serious diseases. International studies suggest that foxes can survive in most environments except for tropical climates which is why it does not occupy parts of Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia. Foxes. In 1845 (as documented by The Australian Government. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/1910ab1d-a019-4ece-aa98-1085e6848271/files/european-red-fox.pdf) when the early settlers first brought a handful of red foxes to Tasmania they did not consider that these mammals would survive and thrive, nor did they consider that along with other feral animals, they could have the potential to spread diseases such as rabies. If foxes were to carry such a disease there could be devastating consequences to the human population if bitten or attacked by a fox. Foxes have become over populated and a pest in Australia. There are many different ways of controlling foxes in Australia such as Den Destruction. The idea is to destroy the nesting place of the fox. However, den destruction does not work as well for foxes as it does for rabbits as foxes can quicklyShow MoreRelatedThe Predators And Prey Species1574 Words   |  7 Pageslivestock populations in South Africa. Reintroduction of lions impacted the abundance of the jackals (Fourie, 2015). Methods: Managing predators is controversial because some methods can be inhumane to the public or to others. When the level of pest damage is significant, then control measures are needed such as lethal or nonlethal control (AgriLife). Lethal: This method is inhumane when shooting or trapping predators. It is effective for large areas or if the non-lethal approach is not workingRead MoreMammal Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduced Mammals Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae The introduced Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae families members found at Currawinya National Park are Bos Taurus, Capra hircus, Sus scrofa and Equus caballus (Queensland Government (c), 2017). Or more commonly European cattle, goats, pigs and horses. Habitat requirements The Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae members found in the park have the capability to adapt to a wide range of habitats. Each family being able to occupy temperate terrestrial habitatsRead MoreEffects of Economic Activities on the Environment1068 Words   |  5 Pagesecosystem, that can reduce the numbers of other plants and animals that relied on the species for food and shelter. Alien species which are not naturally part of foreign ecosystems they are introduced to tend to cause damage to the native plants and animals. The introduction of foxes and cats into Australia has brought new predators into the ecosystems and many species of small mammals and birds are now extinct or endangered as a result. Rabbits eat the food of native herbivores, puttingRead MoreThe Survival of the Rock Hyrax in Urban Areas 3185 Words   |  13 PagesWildlife can become pests in urban areas. For invasive species, these conflicts arise because they exploit newly available niches. For example, cane toads, Bufo marinus, in Australia, red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, across the globe, and grey squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, in Britain (Barr et al. 2002; Saunders et al. 2010; Bateman Fleming 2012). However, for indigenous species, these conflicts can arise through habituation to people which could lead to these species being viewed as pests due to their behavioursRead MoreCase Study Phyto phthora and Mt State Worth National Park Essay2782 Words   |  12 Pagesinterest. Also allowing all the natural environmental processes to continue without disturbance and maintain biodiversity. Park Protection: This aims to protect water streams and protection of human life and adjacent land from fire. Control of introduced plants and animals. Park visit and other plans: this aims to provide opportunities for recreation and tourism in the park and encouragement of appreciation, understanding and enjoyment of the park’s natural and cultural values. It also aims toRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagescontinues to claim that pesticides are safe, and imprudent public officials, who accept without question this disinformation. As an alternative to the scorched earth logic underlying accepted pest-control practices, the author outlines the biotic approach cheaper, safer, longer acting, natural solutions to pest problems (for example, controlling the Japanese beetle by introducing a fungus that causes a fatal disease in this insect). The primary inspiration for the book was a friend of Carsons whoRead MoreWhy Dogs Are the Most Useful Animal to Humans4945 Words   |  20 Pagesreplaced larger animals such as horses when horses would not be readily available. Which proves to be very helpful to humans (Working breeds, 2004). Terrier dogs were originally bred to hunt and kill vermin such as mice, rats and other animals such as foxes that might pose a threat to a farmer’s land. This required terriers to be energetic, brave, and determined. One trait that was encouraged by breeders was to have them â€Å"go to ground† or to dig up burrows and underground tunnels while barking, to frightenRead MoreExtinct Animals4595 Words   |  19 PagesBushwren The Bushwren was a small bird, native to New Zealand, which was characterized by nesting on or near the ground. It was found in abundance throughout the country till the introduction of mustelids - predatory mammal from weasel family, was introduced on the Island. The first half of the 20th century was marked by rare sightings of Bushwren. A subspecies of the bird, Steads Bushwren, found on Stewart Island, got extinct due to excessive predation by the feral cats. As the last attempt to reviveRead MoreThe And Food Safety And Security5803 Words   |  24 Pagesin control for most human deaths. More viral zoonoses are Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,avian influenza,and Rift Valley feverand Ebola. Infectious Agent: Rhabdovirus Host:Carnivores, any mammal, highest incidence is in skunks, raccoons, bats and foxes. Transmission:Bite wounds, infected saliva in cuts or skin abrasions, aerosol in bat caves. Symptoms:Rabies is almost always a fatal disease of mammals, including humans. The disease progresses from fever and malaise, to paresis and paralysis of theRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageswith each other. ────5 Examples of Good Reasoning So far weve explored the importance of reasoning logically in situations that require a decision—either a decision about what to do or a decision about what to believe. Along the way weve introduced a variety of rules of thumb for good reasoning, that is, high-quality reasoning. We have called these principles of logical reasoning. We have examined short examples of good reasoning and short examples of bad reasoning. The Giardia example was

Effective Implementation of Team and Group Work - 1487 Words

Teamwork typically involves groups of interdependent employees who work co-operatively to achieve group outcomes’ (Parker and Wall 1998) Effective implementation of team and group work can substantially increase motivation and job satisfaction, however these are based on multiple factors such as group processes, the types of team and the level of authority within the group (Gladstein 1984) The definition of teamwork varies slightly to that of group work as individuals within a team are all held accountable and judged on collective performance as opposed to that of work groups. (Katzenbach Smith 1993) This paper looks into the dynamics of working groups and teams and the impact they have on individuals in relation to job satisfaction and motivation, There have been many studies conducted into how motivation can be substantially higher within a team as opposed to working individually although there are some conflicting findings which will be discussed further on in this paper . Firstly looking into motivation theory and how these can be applied to groups and teams, Herzberg (1959) developed a 2 factor theory indicating motivation and hygiene factors and that relationships with co-workers and teamwork was seen as a hygiene factor, henceforth only preventing job dissatisfaction and with no direct relation to motivation. Although looking closer at the outcomes of teamwork, in a group, members tend to have a higher level of responsibility due to interdependent tasks, and as theShow MoreRelatedThe Roles Of The Nurse Leaders960 Words   |  4 PagesResearch and implementation of evidenced based practice is critical in today’s healthcare However, there are many individuals involved and many steps that must occur for this implementation to occur. Therefore in this week’s discussion, I will explain how the nurse leaders play an important role in promoting Evidenced based practice. I will also discuss strategies that can be utilize when there is a ch ange that occurs due to the implementation of evidenced based practice. I will then describe powersRead MoreEffective Team Management and Leadership Skills1437 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Effective team management and leadership covers quite a lot of people relation skills and the ability to engage people in all the major decision or strategic measures that one may take as a manager or as a team leader. It is true that team management and leadership are basically concerned with effective implementation of the collective skills, collective performance and knowledge and collective decision- making of all members of an organization. The difficulties in this agenda willRead MoreNursing Research Utilization Project1349 Words   |  5 Pagesnursing profession has experienced several challenges and emerging issues in the recent past that have significant impacts on the health and wellbeing of the society. Some of the major challenges facing this field include nurses commitment to their work, their etiquette while working, shortage of nurses, meeting patients expectations, and their dedication to their profession and patients. While there have been numerous attempts to addre ss these issues, the nursing field has proven to be difficultRead MoreVital Strategic Management Processes1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision-making teams as a powerful asset in successfully coping with the environment. Such teams improve their decision making by using a process of consensus, a process useful when developing national security strategy, military strategy, or strategic planning in other public or private sectors. Knowing how to forge consensus for policy development and implementation is critical to successful management and leadership. Being able to manage strategic consensus has been identified as one of the effective methodsRead More4mat Book Review Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesCreating Effective Teams: a Guide for Members and Leaders is a book by Wheelan (2013) designed to do as the title states; guiding members and leaders to create effective teams. Wheelan (2013) begins the book by highlighting the reasons that groups are important. Wheelan (2013) states that throughout history, â€Å"Groups have played a major role in both the survival of human beings and the development of human culture† (p. 1). The majority of the book is based on 4 stages that create a group of individualsRead MoreAmong The List Of Things For Managers To Consider When1300 Words   |  6 PagesAmong the list of things for managers to consider when dealing with multinational employees is Geert Hofstede’s work in Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Hofstede’s work discusses the four â€Å"Value Dimensions† which include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity and how these four aspects of national value systems play a critical role in influencing relationships between employees with different social values. As intelligent managersRead MoreDeveloping A Team Environment And Share Knowledge818 Words   |  4 Pagescapacity to work in a team environment and share knowl edge One particular experience demonstrates my ability to work in a team environment. A major assessment task for my post-graduate unit on intelligence practices was to develop a well-researched, quality intelligence brief, similar to what would be given in a real-world intelligence agency. Assigned into self-managed groups of ten people, we were to operate independently. In this environment, I developed and maintained an effective working relationshipRead MoreA New Enterprise Resource Planning System1627 Words   |  7 Pagesregard to the organization as a whole, as opposed to smaller changes within an organization, such as adding a new person or adapting a new program. An example of organizational change might include a change in operation, restructuring operations, teams, layoffs, new technologies, collaborations, rightsizing, or even new programs. Some specialists submit to organizational alterations. Frequently this phase authorizes an essential and thorough reorientation in the way an organization operates. AccordingRead MoreA Proposed Communication Strategy Throughout The Implementation Of The Marketing Activities Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages6. A proposed communication strategy throughout the implementation of the marketing activities. Your communication strategy should ensure that all team members are kept informed of each other’sactivities. ï‚ § Draft an email, formal letter or other written response: since the involved stakeholders of this project are from both internal and external consultants and experts, emails, business letters and correspondences are the best and efficient way to convey and deliver the required business messagesRead MoreSigtek Case Study Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesprocesses or face the risk of going out of business. This rift between operations and engineering would drive the company into the ground given the weak leadership of the President, Charles Bradley. 2. What are the barriers for a successful implementation of the initiative? †¢ There was a long-standing organizational difference that Smithers faced between Sigtek’s engineering and manufacturing divisions. †¢ Another challenge faced by Smithers was the different management style of his counterpart

Professional Development and Business Communication

Question: Describe about the career planning reflection. Answer: Values can be defined by different people in different ways. To me, values are the guiding principles, which help me to make right choices for my life and enriched my characters. It is true that there are hundreds of values of which I have few that provide rigidity to my decisions and help me to avoid compromising in any circumstances. According to Nadkarni and Herrmann (2010), personal values play a greater role to develop a successful career. The list of values that I hold in high regards may include respect, integrity, loyalty, patient, excellence, and leadership. Identification of my values However, I have to admit that identifying the values were not an easy task and took me many years to define my "true values." In order to identify my values first, I focused to identify my qualities and strengths. With the help of SWOT analysis and 16 personality test, I found that I have a strong personality with a positive mind (Avey, Luthans, and Youssef 2010). Working with the senior managers of ANZ as a trainee helped me extensively to develop my communication skills. Conducting regular meetings with the managers of different levels sharpened my communication knowledge. I played a major role in the XYZ bank as a risk manager and specialized in a consumer mortgage department, which helped me to develop better communication skills. On the other hand, I am habituated to work with a team. While, working with a team I have also enriched my leadership style. Apart from this I have learned to handle critical situations and lead a team while in crisis or tight schedule. Despite my stren gths, I have also managed to identify some of my weaknesses. I was born and brought up in a third world developing country; therefore, initially I found it is difficult to cope up with the Australian culture. Apart from this, initially I experienced a cultural as well as communication gap. However, I took initiatives and overcame my weaknesses. Although it was not easy to overcome my weaknesses, I had some great help from my friend and the professors of the institution. I build an alliance with my colleagues in the workplace and soon keep pace with the changing environment. In this journey, I thoroughly enjoyed my friendship with some valuable friends and the guidelines of the professors that helped me to reach my goal. On the other hand, the working with the managers in the XYZ bank was very helpful to sharpen my communication skill. I always like economics and therefore, I pursued my career in the field of auditing, compliance, and financial risk management. However, my long-term goal is to be an accountant manager of a big company. In order to accomplish my goal, I have to build my character stronger with a sharp brain and good communication skill. Defining my destiny According to Caliendo, Fossen and Kritikos (2014), setting a long-term goal is not only important but also essential as the destiny of a person is determined based on his or long term goals (5-10) years. In order to reach my goal, I have to develop a proper life plan. I found that my earlier studies in school were helpful to enhance my knowledge about finance as my selected subjects were close to the business. The current academic study in the bachelor of business is also helpful to enrich my knowledge about finance and its real-life implementation in the business world. When I reach my destination, I will have a load of responsibilities. Therefore, I am building myself so that I can take care all of my responsibilities. In order to reach my destination, I will need help from different people. In this journey, I found that the help from my friends and class mates were very helpful. The guidelines provided by the professors also helped me to find out my strength and weaknesses, which in turn helped me to develop a unique strategy plan for me to pursue my career and reach my destination. Although I have set up a long-term goal myself, it will be difficult to know when I have arrived at my destination. With the passing year and my acquired skills and knowledge, I will aim for a higher target. However, initially, my destination is to be a successful business associates. According to Freling and Forbes (2013), making the right decision is the key to reaching the destination with target time. We became judicial when we have values to govern our decision-making. I have to align my values and actions in crisis to fulfil my destination. In this context, I found that defining hard skills and Soft skills are extremely helpful. Reference Avey, J.B., Luthans, F. and Youssef, C.M., 2010. The additive value of positive psychological capital in predicting work attitudes and behaviors.Journal of Management,36(2), pp.430-452. Caliendo, M., Fossen, F. and Kritikos, A.S., 2014. Personality characteristics and the decisions to become and stay self-employed.Small Business Economics,42(4), pp.787-814. Carnegie, G.D. and Napier, C.J., 2010. Traditional accountants and business professionals: Portraying the accounting profession after Enron.Accounting, Organizations and Society,35(3), pp.360-376. Collis, J. and Hussey, R., 2013.Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan.

Murder mystery genre Essay Example

Murder mystery genre Paper These two stories are completely different from each other, only one of them follows the murder mystery genre we are used to.  Ã‚  A typical murder mystery usually revolves around a highly respected detective who always seems to find the murderer by the end of the story. We never get to know the victim very well in the stories, as they are either dead before the story starts or shortly after the start before we get to know anything about him or her. The murderer however seems to be there from the start, and by the middle of the story we want them to be caught. During the story we are given clues from the detective, some of the clues are red herrings to confuse us and make us think it somebody totally different from the person who did it. Most of the tension in the story comes just before the end when we are guessing whom it could be and trying to solve the plot our selves. When we are given the solution all of the loose ends are tied up and all the clues given fit into place and we are never left in suspense e.g. a cliff-hanger. We will write a custom essay sample on Murder mystery genre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Murder mystery genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Murder mystery genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The speckled band is the perfect example of a murder mystery as it has all the objects I have explained. The highly regarded detective is Sherlock Holmes who has an assistant called Dr. Watson who helps him with his enquiries and investigations.  We know that Sherlock Holmes is a supremely regarded detective when Mrs Stoner tells him that a friend recommended him.  Mr Holmes; I have heard of you from Mrs Farintosh whom you helped in the hour of her sore need.  Dr. Watson is very useful to the author as he helps him put across the clues and information Sherlock Holmes finds. This is because Holmes explains what he has found to Dr. Watson. If the character Dr.Wason did not exist it would be very hard to give us the clues. As usual we dont get to meet the victim we were just told about her from Helen Stoner the victims sister.  She was but 20 at the time of her death, and yet her hair had already began to whiten, even as mine has.  We suspect the real murderer from a very early stage when he (the murderer) realises his stepdaughter has been to see Sherlock Holmes. He storms into see the detective. From this confrontation it is obvious what the man could be capable of from the physical description we are given of him.  Because of the circumstances of the young girl being killed weeks before her wedding, and the possibility of her sister experiencing the same fate the reader unconsciously sympathetic and anticipates the murderer being discovered. The speckled band yet again shows how typical it is to the murder mystery genre by the clues and the red herrings that are given in the story. For example, some of the clues are; the discovery of the ventilator that adjoined the two rooms, the realisation that the bell pull was fake, and the detection of the bed being fixed to the floor.  The fact that there was a gypsy camp near by was meant to ply the readers ideas into thinking that the gypsies responsible some way. Another red herring given was the mention of the cheetah and the baboon that the stepfather kept as pets. At the end of the mystery the murderer is revealed, all the clues are solved, and the plot is explained in full leaving a very tidy ending and the reader fully satisfied with the conclusion.  Lamb to the Slaughter is a completely different murder fiction, we are told the story from the murderers point of view, and we sympathise with her account of the circumstances. This is because at the start of the story shes genuinely looking forward to her husband coming home. Shes oblivious to the fact of devastating news he is going to give her. (Bad enough for her to kill him)  As the detectives search for the murder weapon we are curious to know whether she will get away with it. At the end while the detectives are eating the murder weapon black humour is used as the story is funny in a morbid sense. We also find black humour in the tittle as it is literally true. The end of the story is different to that of The Speckled Band because the reader is left in suspense and we will never really know the outcome of any further enquires.  Another aspect that differs in the two stories is the language used in each. In The Speckled Band the language is very old fashioned and sometimes difficult to understand, some of these words are: defray which means Make good, repay, would fain that means would like to, and apertve which means opening. Roald Dahl however uses language that we are much more used to reading in the Lamb to the Slaughter.